Comparison of Adult Female and Male PMHS Pelvis and Lumbar Response to Underbody Blast.

The goal of this study was to gather and compare kinematic response and injury data on both female and male whole-body Post-mortem Human Surrogates (PMHS) responses to Underbody Blast (UBB) loading. Midsized males (50th percentile, MM) have historically been most used in biomechanical testing and were the focus of the Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan) program, thus this population subgroup was selected to be the baseline for female comparison. Both small female (5th percentile, SF) and large female (75th percentile, LF) PMHS were included in the test series to attempt to discern whether differences between male and female responses were predominantly driven by sex or size.

3-D Printed Fracture Models Improve Resident Performance and Clinical Outcomes in Operative Fracture Management.

Objective: To determine if preoperative examination of patient additive manufactured (AM) fracture models can be used to improve resident operative competency and patient outcomes.

Design: Prospective cohort study. Seventeen matched pairs of fracture fixation surgeries (for a total of 34 surgeries) were performed.

Intra-Operative Electron Radiation Therapy (IOERT) Anticipated Boost in Breast Cancer Treatment: An Italian Multicenter Experience.

In breast cancer, the use of a boost to the tumor bed can improve local control. The aim of this research is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the boost with intra-operative electron radiotherapy (IOERT) in patients with early-stage breast cancer undergoing conservative surgery and postoperative whole breast irradiation (WBI). The present retrospective multicenter large data were collected between January 2011 and March 2018 in 8 Italian Radiation Oncology Departments.

Lower Extremity Impact and Injury Responses of Male and Female PMHS to High-Rate Vertical Loading.

Whole-body PMHS (Post Mortem Human Surrogate) testing was conducted on the Accelerative Loading Fixture (ALF), which is designed to generate floor and seat loading conditions at the level, rate, location, direction, and extent seen in UBB (Underbody Blast). The overarching goal of this research effort was to examine potential differences in the lower extremity response of females and males under UBB conditions. The ALF consists of an occupant platform that is driven upward by the detonation of an explosive charge.

An Adaptable Computed Tomography-Derived Three-Dimensional-Printed Alignment Fixture Minimizes Errors in Radius Biomechanical Testing.

Biomechanical testing of long bones can be susceptible to errors and uncertainty due to malalignment of specimens with respect to the mechanical axis of the test frame. To solve this problem, we designed a novel, customizable alignment and potting fixture for long bone testing. The fixture consists of three-dimensional-printed components modeled from specimen-specific computed tomography (CT) scans to achieve a predetermined specimen alignment.

Immersion in Raloxifene does not significantly improve bone toughness or screw pull-out strength in multiple in vitro models.

Background: Failure of surgical fixation in orthopaedic fractures occurs at a significantly higher rate in osteoporotic patients due to weakened osteoporotic bone. A therapy to acutely improve the mechanical properties of bone during fracture repair would have profound clinical impact. A previous study has demonstrated an increase in mechanical properties of acellular cortical canine bone after immersion in raloxifene.

Adjuvant vaginal interventional radiotherapy in early-stage non-endometrioid carcinoma of corpus uteri: a systematic review.

Purpose: This systematic review focused on rare histological types of corpus uteri malignancy, including uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS), uterine clear cell carcinoma (UCCC), and uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC), and it is proposed to assist with clinical decision-making. Adjuvant treatment decisions must be made based on available evidences. We mainly investigated the role of vaginal interventional radiotherapy (VIRt) in UCS, UCCC, and UPSC managements.

A cadaveric comparison of two methods for isolated talonavicular arthrodesis: Two-screws versus plate with integrated compression screw.

Background: This study compared stiffness between two constructs for talonavicular arthrodesis: a dorsomedial plating system and two partially threaded cannulated cancellous screws. We hypothesized that the plate would exhibit greater stiffness and resistance to deformation during cyclic loading.

Methods: The constructs were implanted in eight matched pairs of cadaveric feet and subjected to axial torsion, cantilever bending in two directions, and cyclic loading to failure.

Case Report: Prolapsed Ureterocele-A Differential Diagnosis of Urethral Cists.

Ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of submucosal distal ureter. It presents a higher incidence in infants and young children but is rare in adults. The urethral prolapse of ureterocele is extremely rare, and its clinical presentation includes vulvar mass, hematuria, and urinary tract dysfunction.

The role of vaginal brachytherapy in stage I endometrial serous cancer: a systematic review.

Purpose: Serous adenocarcinoma (uterine serous carcinoma - USC) is a rare and aggressive histologic subtype of endometrial cancer, with a high-rate of recurrence and poor prognosis. The adjuvant treatment for stage I patients is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of stage I USC treated exclusively with chemotherapy plus vaginal brachytherapy (VBT).

Interfraction prostate displacement during image-guided radiotherapy using intraprostatic fiducial markers and a cone-beam computed tomography system: A volumetric off-line analysis in relation to the variations of rectal and bladder volumes.

Purpose: Prostate motion during the radiotherapy course is an important issue. This study investigated the inter-fraction prostate motion in controlled rectal filling condition.

Methods: 10 prostate cancer patients underwent image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system, after the insertion of fiducial markers (FMs).

Volumetric image-guided conformal radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: Analysis of dosimetric and clinical factors affecting acute and late toxicity.

Aim: To identify factors influencing toxicity in patients affected by localized prostate cancer treated with conformal image-guided radiotherapy.

Background: Image guidance in combination with conformal techniques is the standard of care in localized prostate cancer, but factors affecting toxicity are still under investigation.

Materials And Methods: 294 patients were analyzed.

Oligometastatic cancer: stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for patients affected by isolated body metastasis.

Background: To evaluate the outcome of patients affected by a single isolated body metastasis treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).

Material And Methods: Seven-eight patients were treated with SBRT for isolated body metastasis. The most frequent primary tumor was prostate cancer (28.

Volumetric image-guided highly conformal radiotherapy of the prostate bed: Toxicity analysis.

Aim: To evaluate toxicity of high conformal image-guided radiotherapy of the prostate bed.

Background: Radiotherapy of the prostate bed has a pivotal role in the post-operative and salvage settings, but few clinical data are available on the use of daily image guidance in combination with highly conformal techniques, and data on long-term results are lacking.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 118 patients irradiated on the prostate bed using conformal plans processed with a micro-multileaf collimator, and daily checking treatment set-up with a cone-beam CT system.

Technical solutions to reduce mediastinal irradiation in young patients undergoing treatment for lymphomas: Preliminary experience.

This study aims at optimizing treatment planning in young patients affected by lymphoma (Stage II to III) by using an inclined board (IB) that allows reducing doses to the organs at risk. We evaluated 19 young patients affected by stage I to III lymphomas, referred to our Department for consolidation radiotherapy (RT) treatment on the mediastinum. Patients underwent 2 planning computed tomography (CT) scans performed in different positions: flat standard position and inclined position.

Evaluation of serrated intraprostatic gold coils positional stability using on-board cone beam computed tomography scans acquired throughout the radiation treatment course.

Purpose: To investigate intraprostatic gold coils positional stability analyzing intermarker distance in on-board cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans acquired throughout the entire treatment course.

Methods And Materials: A total of 29 fiducial markers (FMs) were implanted in 10 patients through the transperineal approach, under ultrasound guidance. After 2 weeks from the FM implantation, all the patients underwent CT and magnetic resonance imaging under radiation therapy-planning conditions.

Acute and late toxicity after three-dimensional conformal image-guided radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer.

We evaluated the clinical impact of a high definition micro-multileaf collimator and a linac-integrated cone-beam computed tomography in 142 patients treated with conformal radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer to a total dose of 76 Gy. Details on treatment toxicity and tumour control were collected. The 3 years biochemical relapse-free survival was 90%.

Dosimetric effect of Elekta Beam modulator micromultileaf in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the dosimetric effect of Elekta Beam Modulator in 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for localized prostate cancer. We compared treatment plans developed with 2 different Elekta multileaf collimators (MLC): Beam Modulator micro-MLC (mMLC) (4-mm leaf width at the isocenter) and standard MLC (10-mm leaf width at the isocenter). The comparison was performed for 15 patients with localized prostate cancer in 3DCRT and IMRT delivery; a total of 60 treatment plans were processed.

Standard or hypofractionated radiotherapy in the postoperative treatment of breast cancer: a retrospective analysis of acute skin toxicity and dose inhomogeneities.

Background: To identify predictive factors of radiation-induced skin toxicity in breast cancer patients by the analysis of dosimetric and clinical factors.

Methods: 339 patients treated between January 2007 and December 2010 are included in the present analysis. Whole breast irradiation was delivered with Conventional Fractionation (CF) (50 Gy, 2.

Intra-parotid facial nerve schwannoma with intra-temporal extension; a case report. Is there a role for stereotactic radiotherapy?

Facial nerve schwannoma (FNS) is an extremely rare benign tumour that may arise anywhere along the course of the facial nerve; the standard treatment is total removal via microsurgery. Stereotactic radiotherapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of skull base tumours, in particular for acoustic neuromas; it is interesting to notice that also the few data existing in literature about the use of radiotherapy for non acoustic schwannomas show an excellent local control rate and few adverse effects. Here we report a case of facial nerve neuroma, involving the nerve sheath from the geniculate ganglion to the parotid gland, treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy after debulking surgery.