Iodinated contrast dye-diluent combination exhibits longer time to full dye saturation compared to lidocaine, bupivacaine, and water in porcine cadaveric nervous tissue.

Objective: Dye-diluent combinations have different nerve-staining behavior, making locoregional cadaveric dye study findings difficult to compare. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of 4 diluents on nerve color saturation when used in combination with commercial food dye.

Methods: 48 unpreserved brachial plexus nerves were randomized into 4 diluent groups.

Cryoneurolysis of the saphenous nerve in the pig: A proof-of-principle investigation.

Objective: To determine if in vivo cryoneurolysis inhibits ex vivo compound action potential (CAP) conduction in the porcine saphenous nerve and if this occurs rapidly enough to justify performing the technique before stifle surgery.

Study Design: Blinded, controlled, randomized, preclinical study.

Animals: A group of eight healthy, 8 weeks old, intact, female pigs anesthetized for an unrelated terminal study.

A Feasibility Study for a Novel Trans-infraorbital Canal Approach to the Maxillary Nerve in Pigs ().

Experimental maxillofacial surgery is commonly performed in pigs; however, locoregional anesthesia of this area has not been described. This study evaluated the feasibility of a novel maxillary nerve block approach. In part I, cadavers were used to determine anatomic landmarks and assess maxillary nerve dye staining by using 0.

Image analysis comparison of nerve staining with food dye, methylene blue or tissue marker.

Objective: Novel locoregional techniques use dye studies to confirm successful nerve targeting. The goal was to objectively quantify and compare nerve staining characteristics of dye mixtures commonly reported in the literature using image analysis software.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized cadaveric study.

Comparison of two sedation protocols, with and without analgesia, in pigs: Assessment of sedation end points and propofol requirements.

Objective: To compare the effects of intramuscular premedication with a novel nonanalgesic [alfaxalone-midazolam-acepromazine (AMA)] and an analgesic [ketamine-midazolam-detomidine (KMD)] protocol on sedation end points and propofol requirements for induction of anesthesia in swine.

Study Design: Prospective experimental study.

Animals: A total of 27 Yorkshire cross gilts weighing approximately 30 kg.

A flexible endotracheal tube introducer improves first-attempt success of intubation in cats by novice anesthetists.

Objective: To test whether the use of a flexible endotracheal tube introducer (ETI) facilitates intubation of cats by veterinary students with little or no experience.

Animals: 125 healthy cats.

Procedures: Cats were sedated with dexmedetomidine and morphine IM, and anesthesia was induced with propofol.

Retrospective study of the prevalence of factors contributing to successful standing at first attempt in horses recovering from general anesthesia.

Objective: Several factors affect the quality of recovery from general anesthesia in horses. These can increase the likelihood of injury. Body and limb position during recovery may correlate with successful standing.

African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) and Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps) Sedation and Anesthesia.

African pygmy hedgehogs and sugar gliders are common zoologic companion animals frequently presented to veterinarians for routine preventive care and illness. Given their small size, intravascular access, intubation, and monitoring can be challenging, and hypothermia is a common problem during chemical immobilization. Studied injectable sedation options are limited, but can provide an alternative to general anesthesia for minor procedures.

Questionnaire on the process of recovering horses from general anesthesia and associated personnel injury in equine practice.

Objective: To collect data about the current practice of recovering horses from general anesthesia and recovery personnel safety.

Study Design: Online survey.

Methods: An online questionnaire, including questions on general demographic data, recovery drugs, modality and characteristics of equine recovery and morbidity and mortality, was designed and distributed via e-mail to equine practitioners worldwide.

Efficacy of greater auricular and auriculotemporal nerve blocks performed in rabbits.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, duration and safety of greater auricular and auriculotemporal nerve blocks in rabbits.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, crossover, experimental study.

Animals: A total of 11 healthy adult Dutch-belted rabbits.

Effect of contrast and local anesthetic on dye spread following transversus abdominis plane injection in dog cadavers.

Objective: To determine whether the addition of bupivacaine or contrast medium to methylene blue dye would affect dye distribution following ultrasound (US)-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) injections.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded cadaveric study.

Animals: A total of 29 fresh Beagle dog cadavers.

Injection techniques for auricular nerve blocks in the rabbit cadaver.

Objective: To describe the landmarks for localization and to determine the methodology and volume of methylene blue dye to adequately stain the auricular nerves in rabbit cadavers.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, cadaveric study.

Animals: A total of 26 rabbit cadavers (Dutch-Belted and New Zealand White breeds).

Clinical techniques in Veterinary Dermatology: Regional anaesthesia of the canine ear.

Background: Video otoscopy is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of otitis externa (OE) and otitis media (OM) in dogs. Procedures performed by video otoscopy often are painful and it can be challenging to maintain steady anaesthetic depth and provide smooth anaesthetic recovery. A multimodal approach to analgesia and anaesthesia is ideal to minimize complications associated with high doses of anaesthetic drugs while providing the patient with adequate analgesia.

Description of an ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block technique and the spread of dye in dog cadavers.

Objectives: To describe an ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block and determine the distribution after injection of two volumes of methylene blue in dog cadavers.

Study Design: Prospective experimental cadaveric study.

Animals: Twelve dog cadavers weighing 11 ± 3 kg.