[Nephrological nutritional office: a transversal organization model and access flowchart].

The nutritional aspect has a critical relevance in the educational and care path of nephropathic patients. The Nephrology-Dietology synergy in the Hospital is conditioned by various factors, such as the difficulty for Dietology to provide capillary and personalized follow-up to nephropathic patients. Hence the experience of a transversal II level nephrological clinic, dedicated to nutritional aspects throughout the path of nephropathic patients, from the earliest stages of kidney disease to replacement treatment.

Lifestyle and awareness of cholesterol blood levels among 29159 community school children in Italy.

Background And Aim: Lifestyle habits including indoor and outdoor activities among community school children, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and awareness about total cholesterol blood levels represent determinant factors in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet, total cholesterol blood levels, body composition and hours per day spent in in-house or outdoor among 29,159 Italian 6-14 years-old community school children (50% boys). The KidMed questionnaire, modified to handle missing information on olive oil consumption, was used to assess the adherence to the Mediterranean diet among participants.

Circulating is up-regulated in paediatric patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia and correlates with levels: implication of a ZEB1-dependent mechanism.

Hypercholesterolaemia provokes reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. We previously showed that circulating expression levels were up-regulated in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). control cholesterol homoeostasis and recently has been demonstrated to directly target the transcription factor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1).

Mediterranean diet and physical activity impact on metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents from Southern Italy: Contribution from the Calabrian Sierras Community Study (CSCS).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Mediterranean diet (MD) and physical activity on metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence in children and adolescents.

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 863 boys and 780 girls, 6-14years old, from primary and secondary schools in a 14-town Southern Italian community. We modified the KIDMED questionnaire to adapt it to the local reality.

Epigenetics and cardiovascular risk in childhood.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) can arise at the early stages of development and growth. Genetic and environmental factors may interact resulting in epigenetic modifications with abnormal phenotypic expression of genetic information without any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Maternal dietary imbalance, inadequate to meet the nutritional needs of the fetus can lead to intrauterine growth retardation, decreased gestational age, low birth weight, excessive post-natal growth and metabolic alterations, with subsequent appearance of CVD risk factors.

Circulating miR-33a and miR-33b are up-regulated in familial hypercholesterolaemia in paediatric age.

Hypercholesterolaemia is one of the major causes of CVD (cardiovascular disease). It is associated with enhanced oxidative stress, leading to increased lipid peroxidation which in turn determines endothelial dysfunction and susceptibility to coronary vasoconstriction and atherosclerosis. Different miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of CVD and play an important role in inflammatory process control, therefore, together with atherogenic factors, they can stimulate atherosclerotic degeneration of the vessel walls of arteries.

Metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents from Southern Italy: contribution from the Calabrian Sierras Community Study (CSCS).

Among 1657 children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years (787, 47% girls and 870, 53% boys) from primary and secondary schools in a 14-town Southern Italian community, HDL cholesterol (54 ± 15 mg/dl), triglycerides (61 ± 29 mg/dl), blood glucose (78 ± 10 mg/dl), systolic (101 ± 11 mm Hg) and diastolic (62 ± 10 mm Hg) blood pressures, waist circumference (WC) (66 ± 10 cm) and WC/height (0.46 ± 0.006) and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol (1.

Early myocardial deformation changes in hypercholesterolemic and obese children and adolescents: a 2D and 3D speckle tracking echocardiography study.

Dyslipidemia and obesity are considered strong risk factors for premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and increased morbidity and mortality and may have a negative impact on myocardial function.Our purpose was to assess the presence of early myocardial deformation abnormalities in dyslipidemic children free from other cardiovascular risk factors, using 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) and 3-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE).We studied 80 consecutive nonselected patients (6-18 years of age) with hypercholesterolemia (low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol levels >95th percentile for age and sex).

Hypertension in children and adolescents attending a lipid clinic.

Unlabelled: This study aims to investigate prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factor clustering in children and adolescents attending a lipid clinic as well as the relationship of their hypertensive status with indicators of fat distribution and parental fat distribution and blood pressure (BP). In this cross-sectional primary prevention study, data on indicators of fat distribution (waist, hip, and middle-upper arm circumferences), body mass index (BMI), BP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lipid and glucose profile of 370 children and adolescents (180 M, 190 F, mean age 9.5 years, (range 6-14 years)) were collected.

Early increase of NOX2-derived oxidative stress in children: relationship with age.

Background: Studies conducted in the prepubertal period showed that biomarkers of oxidative stress decreased with increasing age in normocholesterolemic children (NC), and, conversely, they are persistently high in hypercholesterolemic children (HC). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is the most important cellular source of reactive oxygen species. No data have been reported concerning the behavior of age-related oxidative stress generated by NOX2, the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase, in children.

Low dose chromium-polynicotinate or policosanol is effective in hypercholesterolemic children only in combination with glucomannan.

Objective: A low-fat, fiber-rich diet is the first step in the management for hypercholesterolemic children. Glucomannan (GM) is a natural fiber that has been demonstrated to lower total and LDL-cholesterol. The use of high-dose chromium-polynicotinate (CP) and policosanol (PC) has also shown cholesterol-lowering benefits.

Arterial blood pressure and serum lipids in a population of children and adolescents from Southern Italy: the Calabrian Sierras Community Study (CSCS).

Background: Lipid standards in Italy are lacking in children and adolescents whereas those for blood pressure (BP) were derived from US surveys.

Methods: In a 14-town community in Southern Italy 1657 (64%) of 2594 children aged 6-14 years were enrolled and anthropometric, BP, lipid and glucose serum levels were obtained.

Results: Average systolic BP was 101 ± 11 (60-150) mm Hg and cholesterol (CholT) level was 156 ± 28 (57-264) mg/dl.

Oxidative stress is associated with arterial dysfunction and enhanced intima-media thickness in children with hypercholesterolemia: the potential role of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction and intima-media thickness are precocious manifestations of hypercholesterolemia, but the mechanism is unclear.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the interplay among endothelial dysfunction, intima-media thickness, and oxidative stress in children with hypercholesterolemia.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study comparing flow-mediated dilation, intima-media thickness, lipid profile, urinary isoprostanes as markers of oxidative stress, and platelet expression of gp91(phox), the catalytic unit of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, in a population of 50 children with hypercholesterolemia (mean age +/- SD: 10.