Toxicity and removal efficiency of pharmaceutical metabolite clofibric acid by Typha spp.--potential use for phytoremediation?

A study was conducted to assess Typha spp.'s ability to withstand and remove, from water, a metabolite of blood lipid regulator drugs, clofibric acid (CA). At a concentration of 20 microg L(-1), Typha had removed >50% of CA within the first 48h, reaching a maximum of 80% by the end of the assay.

Use of solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction in the analysis of polyphenols in wine.

Solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction (SS-LLE) was compared to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for the analysis of phenolic compounds in wine. Diatomaceous earth commercial cartridges were evaluated together with "in-house" made cartridges for the wine phenolic extraction. Statistical treatment, analysis of variance ANOVA-single factor, was used to compare the extraction yields obtained by these methods, and for the majority of the studied compounds, significantly higher yields were obtained by the SS-LLE methodology using the "in-house" prepared cartridges.

Application of sample disruption methods in the extraction of anthocyanins from solid or semi-solid vegetable samples.

Cassis, a commercial powder obtained from blackcurrant juice (Ribes nigrum L.), was used to optimize the anthocyanin extraction by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and by sea sand disruption method (SSDM). The optimum eluent conditions were 5.