Successful treatment of intracranial ependymoma with leptomeningeal spread with systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal liposomal cytarabine in a two-year-old child.

Ependymoma is the third most common CNS tumor in children. Neuraxis dissemination at the time of diagnosis is rare and occurs in fewer than 10% of patients. Recent advances in neuroimaging, neurosurgery, and radiation therapy have improved disease control and functional outcomes for children with ependymoma.