Skeletal muscle of young females under resistance exercise exhibits a unique innate immune cell infiltration profile compared to males and elderly individuals.

Muscle damage resulting from physical activities such as exercise triggers an immune response crucial for tissue repair and recovery. This study investigates the immune cell profiles in muscle biopsies of individuals engaged in resistance exercise (RE) and explores the impact of age and sex on the immune response following exercise-induced muscle damage. Microarray datasets from muscle biopsies of young and old subjects were analyzed, focusing on the gene expression patterns associated with immune cell activation.

Neuro-immune deconvolution analysis of OAS3 as a transcriptomic central node in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.

Neurological complications of AIDS (NeuroAIDS) include primary HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). OAS3 is an enzyme belonging to the 2', 5' oligoadenylate synthase family induced by type I interferons and involved in the degradation of both viral and endogenous RNA. Here, we used microarray datasets from NCBI of brain samples of non-demented HIV-negative controls (NDC), HIV, deceased patients with HAND and encephalitis (HIVE) (treated and untreated with antiretroviral therapy, ART), and with HAND without HIVE.

Sex, Age, and Regional Differences in and Genes Expression Levels in the Human Brain Biopsies: Potential Targets for Alzheimer's Disease-related Sleep Disturbances.

Background: Cholinergic hypofunction and sleep disturbance are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive disorder leading to neuronal deterioration. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1-5 or mAChRs), expressed in hippocampus and cerebral cortex, play a pivotal role in the aberrant alterations of cognitive processing, memory, and learning, observed in AD. Recent evidence shows that two mAChRs, M1 and M3, encoded by CHRM1 and CHRM3 genes, respectively, are involved in sleep functions and, peculiarly, in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

Sex-dependent neuro-deconvolution analysis of Alzheimer's disease brain transcriptomes according to CHI3L1 expression levels.

Glial activation and related neuroinflammatory processes play a key role in the aging and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). CHI3L1/ YKL40 is a widely investigated chitinase in neurodegenerative diseases and recent studies have shown its involvement in aging and AD. Nevertheless, the biological function of CHI3L1 in AD is still unknown.

A sex-stratified analysis of neuroimmune gene expression signatures in Alzheimer's disease brains.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of progressively disabling dementia. The chitinases CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 have long been known as biomarkers for microglial and astrocytic activation in neurodegeneration. Here, we collected microarray datasets from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) brain samples of non-demented controls (NDC) (n = 460), and of deceased patients with AD (n = 697).

Chitinase domain containing 1 increase is associated with low survival rate and M0 macrophages infiltrates in colorectal cancer patients.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Here, we undertook an analysis of microarray datasets consisting of colon biopsies of healthy subjects and of patients affected by CRC, in order to analyze the expression levels of Chitinase domain-containing protein 1 (CHID1) and to correlate them with the clinical data available in the datasets. Analysis of expression levels showed a significant increase of CHID1 in CRC biopsies compared to the mucosa of healthy subjects.

Sex-dependent monoamine oxidase isoforms expression patterns during human brain ageing.

Human behavior is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is among the most investigated genetic determinants of violent behaviors, while the monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) is explored in Parkinson's disease. We collected twenty-four post-mortem brain tissue datasets of 3871 and 1820 non-demented males and females, respectively, who died from causes not attributable to neurodegenerative diseases.

Brain Expression Correlates with and in Healthy Subjects and AD Patients.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, devastating, and irreversible brain disorder that, day by day, destroys memory skills and social behavior. Despite this, the number of known genes suitable for discriminating between AD patients is insufficient. Among the genes potentially involved in the development of AD, there are the chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) CHI3L1, CHI3L2, and CHID1.

GNG13 Is a Potential Marker of the State of Health of Alzheimer's Disease Patients' Cerebellum.

Brain regions such as the cerebellum (CB) have been neglected for a long time in the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In reference to a new emerging hypothesis according to which there is an altered cerebellar synaptic processing in AD, we verified the possible role played by new biomarkers in the CB of AD patients compared with not-demented healthy control subjects (NDHS). Using a bioinformatics approach, we have collected several microarray datasets and obtained 626 cerebella sample biopsies belonging to subjects who did not die from causes related to neurological diseases and 199 cerebella belonging to AD.

Postsynaptic damage and microglial activation in AD patients could be linked CXCR4/CXCL12 expression levels.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia with still unknown pathogenesis. Several cytokines and chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Among the chemokines, the CXCR4/CXCL12 complex has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenetic development of AD.

Network perturbation analysis in human bronchial epithelial cells following SARS-CoV2 infection.

Background: SARS-CoV2, the agent responsible for the current pandemic, is also causing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), hyperinflammation and high mortality. It is critical to dissect the pathogenetic mechanisms in order to reach a targeted therapeutic approach.

Methods: In the present investigation, we evaluated the effects of SARS-CoV on human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC).

CHI3L2 Expression Levels Are Correlated with AIF1, PECAM1, and CALB1 in the Brains of Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents one of the main forms of dementia that afflicts our society. The expression of several genes has been associated with disease development. Despite this, the number of genes known to be capable of discriminating between AD patients according to sex remains deficient.

Sex difference in CHI3L1 expression levels in human brain aging and in Alzheimer's disease.

Several genetic sexual dimorphisms have been identified in animal and human brains, which may form a neural basis for sex-specific predisposition to neurological diseases. In the last years, clinical studies have observed that Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects women compared with men. Chitinase-3-Like 1 protein (CHI3L1) has been frequently investigated in body fluids as a surrogate marker of neuroinflammation in AD and other neurological disorders.

Middle-aged healthy women and Alzheimer's disease patients present an overlapping of brain cell transcriptional profile.

Exploring sexual dimorphisms in the brain morphology is important for their impact and therapeutic implications for several neurological diseases. The hypothesis that sex could influence the transcriptome of brain cells could be the basis regarding the different response to cognitive decline identified in men and women. In this paper, we analyzed several prefrontal cortices (PFC) microarrays datasets of young/middle-aged healthy subjects and then Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, according to the sex.

Expression of the OAS Gene Family Is Highly Modulated in Subjects Affected by Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Resembling an Immune Response to a dsRNA Virus Infection.

Background: Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a systemic, autoimmune, interferon (IFN)-mediated inflammatory muscle disorder that affects children younger than 18 years of age. JDM primarily affects the skin and the skeletal muscles. Interestingly, the role of viral infections has been hypothesized.

Fasting and Fast Food Diet Play an Opposite Role in Mice Brain Aging.

Fasting may be exploited as a possible strategy for prevention and treatment of several diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and aging. On the other hand, high-fat diet (HFD) represents a risk factor for several diseases and increased mortality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of fasting on mouse brain aging transcriptome and how HFD regulates such pathways.

Increased neurogranin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease and in mild cognitive impairment due to AD.

Synaptic dysfunction is linked to both major depressive disorder (MDD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synapse protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be useful biomarkers to monitor synaptic dysfunction and degeneration that lead to depressive symptoms and AD, respectively. CSF neurogranin (Ng), a post-synaptic protein, has emerged as a promising tool to measure synaptic dysfunction and/or loss in AD.

CSF N-glycoproteomics for early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease.

This work aims at exploring the human CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) N-glycome by MALDI MS techniques, in order to assess specific glycosylation pattern(s) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n:24) and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n:11), these last as potential AD patients at a pre-dementia stage. For comparison, 21 healthy controls were studied. We identified a group of AD and MCI subjects (about 40-50% of the studied sample) showing significant alteration of CSF N-glycome profiling, consisting of a decrease in the overall sialylation degree and an increase in species bearing bisecting GlcNAc.

Different pediatric brain tumors are associated with different gene expression profiling.

Malignant brain tumors are the most common pediatric solid tumors and are the leading cause of death from childhood cancers. These tumors include several histologic subtypes. Due to the particular properties of brain tumors, such as growth and division, examination of brain tumors and the analysis of results are not simple.

Executive dysfunctions in migraine with and without aura: what is the role of white matter lesions?

Objective/background: Executive dysfunctions and white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging have been reported in migraine. The aim of this study was to determine whether any correlation between these 2 variables exists.

Materials And Methods: Forty-four subjects affected by migraine with or without aura were compared with 16 healthy subjects.

Vitamin D3: an ever green molecule.

Vitamin D3 is a key regulator of vertebrates homeostasis. It is synthesized from the precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol upon UVB exposure in the skin and then hydrolyzed in the liver in position 25, to be finally converted into its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D or calcitriol), in the kidneys. The biological activity of this molecule depends on its binding to the nuclear receptor VDR, which binds VDRE once complexed with RXR-alpha.