Transferrin-mediated iron sequestration suggests a novel therapeutic strategy for controlling Nosema disease in the honey bee, Apis mellifera.

Nosemosis C, a Nosema disease caused by microsporidia parasite Nosema ceranae, is a significant disease burden of the European honey bee Apis mellifera which is one of the most economically important insect pollinators. Nevertheless, there is no effective treatment currently available for Nosema disease and the disease mechanisms underlying the pathological effects of N. ceranae infection in honey bees are poorly understood.

The levels of natural Nosema spp. infection in Apis mellifera iberiensis brood stages.

Nosema ceranae is the most prevalent endoparasite of Apis mellifera iberiensis and it is a major health problem for bees worldwide. The infective capacity of N. ceranae has been demonstrated experimentally in honey bee brood, however no data are available about its prevalence in brood under natural conditions.

Pollen reverses decreased lifespan, altered nutritional metabolism and suppressed immunity in honey bees () treated with antibiotics.

Nutrition is involved in regulating multiple aspects of honey bee biology such as caste, immunity, lifespan, growth and behavioral development. Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a major pathogenic factor which threatens honey bee populations, and its replication is regulated by the nutrition status and immune response of honey bees. The alimentary canal of the honey bee is home to a diverse microbial community that provides essential nutrients and serves to bolster immune responses.

The Phylogeny and Pathogenesis of (SBV) Infection in European Honey Bees, .

RNA viruses that contain single-stranded RNA genomes of positive sense make up the largest group of pathogens infecting honey bees. (SBV) is one of the most widely distributed honey bee viruses and infects the larvae of honey bees, resulting in failure to pupate and death. Among all of the viruses infecting honey bees, SBV has the greatest number of complete genomes isolated from both European honey bees and Asian honey bees worldwide.

The Dynamics of Concentration and Host Defensive Gene Expression after Mite Parasitism in Honey Bees, .

The synergistic interactions between the ectoparasitic mite and (DWV) lead to the reduction in lifespan of the European honey bee and often have been implicated in colony losses worldwide. However, to date, the underlying processes and mechanisms that form the multipartite interaction between the bee, mite, and virus have not been fully explained. To gain a better understanding of honey bees' defense response to mite infestation and DWV infection, the DWV titers and transcription profiles of genes originating from RNAi, immunity, wound response, and homeostatic signaling pathways were monitored over a period of eight days.

Nosemosis control in European honey bees, , by silencing the gene encoding polar tube protein 3.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is homologous in sequence to the silenced gene and is conserved in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms. The RNAi mechanism has provided unique opportunities for combating honey bee diseases caused by various parasites and pathogens. is a microsporidian parasite of European honey bees, , and has been associated with honey bee colony losses in some regions of the world.

Collision skin lesions-results of a multicenter study of the International Dermoscopy Society (IDS).

Background: Collision lesions as two independent and unrelated skin tumors often manifest an atypical morphology.

Objective: To determine the combinations of collision skin lesions (CSLs).

Methods: Twenty-one pigmented lesion clinics in nine countries included 77 histopathologically proven CSLs in this retrospective observational study.

Silencing the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Naked Cuticle Gene (nkd) Improves Host Immune Function and Reduces Nosema ceranae Infections.

Unlabelled: Nosema ceranae is a new and emerging microsporidian parasite of European honey bees, Apis mellifera, that has been implicated in colony losses worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi), a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism, has emerged as a potent and specific strategy for controlling infections of parasites and pathogens in honey bees. While previous studies have focused on the silencing of parasite/pathogen virulence factors, we explore here the possibility of silencing a host factor as a mechanism for reducing parasite load.

Effect of oxalic acid on Nosema ceranae infection.

Nosema ceranae is a honey bee pathogen parasitizing the ventricular epithelium and potentially causing colony death. The effect of 0.25 M oxalic acid solution administered to the bees in the form of sugar syrup was determined in laboratory and field trials.

Aplasia cutis congenita and other anomalies associated with methimazole exposure during pregnancy.

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a congenital defect consisting of a circumscribed absence of skin that usually involves the scalp. The etiology is uncertain, and several teratogenic agents such as methimazole have been involved. We report two cases of ACC and other anomalies in newborns exposed to methimazole during pregnancy.

Facial self-induced paraffinoma in an elderly woman.

A 72-year-old Caucasian woman without remarkable medical history presented with an asymptomatic bilateral periocular swelling, which had been present for 2 months. Physical examination showed symmetric indurated periocular erythematous plaques (Figure 1). Biopsy of a skin lesion revealed aggregates of vacuoles of different sizes (Figure 2) surrounded by a prominent inflammatory infiltrate constituted by macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and granulomatous foreign body reaction throughout the reticular dermis and hypodermis.

Repigmentation of vitiligo lesions in a child with celiac disease after a gluten-free diet.

There is a well-established association of vitiligo with autoimmune conditions, and circulating autoantibodies to melanocytes have been demonstrated in the serum of patients with vitiligo. We present a case of repigmentation of vitiligo lesions in a girl with celiac disease after initiating a gluten-free diet, which to our knowledge has not been reported.