Structure Elucidation of Triterpenoid Saponins Found in an Immunoadjuvant Preparation of Using Mass Spectrometry and H and C NMR Spectroscopy.

An immunoadjuvant preparation (named Fraction B) was obtained from the aqueous extract of leaves, and further fractionated by consecutive separations with silica flash MPLC and reverse phase HPLC. Two compounds were isolated, and their structures elucidated using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. One of these compounds is a previously undescribed triterpene saponin (), which is an isomer of , the unique adjuvant saponin employed in human vaccines.

Characterization of Melanoidins and Color Development in Dulce de Leche, a Confectionary Dairy Product With High Sucrose Content: Evaluation of pH Effect, an Essential Manufacturing Process Parameter.

The effect on color of the initial pH employed in dulce de leche (DL) production was evaluated through physicochemical and spectroscopical characterization of the melanoidins formed in the process. Melanoidins originated at pH values of 6.5, 7.

Chemical characterisation and o anthelmintic activity of phenolic-rich extracts from the leaves and branches of , a native plant from South America.

Free (epi) catechin, quercetin, (epi) gallocatechin, flavonol glycosides and condensed tannins were identified according to their molecular mass, characteristic product ions and retention times in extracts obtained from leaves and branches of (Congorosa) by mass spectrometry. The anthelmintic activity against cattle gastrointestinal nematodes of Congorosa extract was determined using the Egg Hatch Inhibition Assay. Additionally, commercial quercetin, gallocatechin and epicatechin were evaluated.

Structural characterisation of new immunoadjuvant saponins from leaves and the first study of saponins from the bark of Quillaja brasiliensis by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry.

Introduction: Quillaja brasiliensis (St. A. -Hil.

Saponins from and : Particular Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activities.

Molina represents the main source of saponins for industrial applications. triterpenoids have been studied for more than four decades and their relevance is due to their biological activities, especially as a vaccine adjuvant and immunostimulant, which have led to important research in the field of vaccine development. These saponins, alone or incorporated into immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs), are able to modulate immunity by increasing antigen uptake, stimulating cytotoxic T lymphocyte production (Th1) and cytokines (Th2) in response to different antigens.

Xanthane sesquiterpenoids from the roots and flowers of Xanthium cavanillesii.

The sesquiterpene lactones xanthanodiene, 4-epi-xanthanol, 4-epi-isoxanthanol, and 4-epi-xanthinin, as well as the xanthanolide derivative 4-oxo-bedfordia acid were isolated from the chloroform extracts of roots and flowers of Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw. The identities of these compounds were corroborated through comparison of their spectroscopic data, including IR, MS, and (1)H and (13)C NMR assignments, with literature reports. In addition, the structural characterization of 4-oxo-bedfordia acid was revisited and a comprehensive spectroscopic study of the compound is presented.

A new bioactive xanthanolide from Xanthium cavanillesii.

Development of new antimicrobial compounds against different microorganisms is becoming critically important, as infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of death in the world. The pharmaceutical industry is searching for new lead compounds with novel chemical structures to overcome the increasing resistance to known antibiotics. Plants can be a useful source of these lead compounds.