Mycobacterium bovis mutant in the virulence factors PhoP, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 persisted in mouse organs after a year post-vaccination.

A vaccine for bovine tuberculosis is urgently needed. The BCG vaccine (the Bacille Calmette-Guérin), currently the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis in humans, offers variable protection in cattle. However, BCG is a highly safe vaccine, and any alternative vaccine must not only offer greater protection than BCG but also match and improve its safety profile.

B Cell and Antibody Responses in Bovine Tuberculosis.

The development of vaccines and effective diagnostic methods for bovine tuberculosis requires an understanding of the immune response against its causative agent, . Although this disease is primarily investigated and diagnosed through the assessment of cell-mediated immunity, the role of B cells and antibodies in bovine tuberculosis has been relatively undervalued and understudied. Current evidence indicates that circulating -specific antibodies are not effective in controlling the disease.

A Transcriptional Analysis of Cattle Immune Cells Reveals a Central Role of Type 1 Interferon in the In Vitro Innate Immune Response against .

Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease primarily caused by , a bacterium that affects cattle and other mammals, including humans. Despite the availability of vast research about the immune response mechanisms of human tuberculosis caused by , the knowledge of bovine tuberculosis's immunology, particularly regarding the innate immune response, still remains scarce. In this study, we compared the transcriptome of cell cultures containing lymphocytes and infected-macrophages with two strains of variable virulence, the virulent Mb04-303 strain and the attenuated Mb534.

Semi-stable Production of Bovine IL-4 and GM-CSF in The Mammalian Episomal Expression System.

Introduction: Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) are cytokines widely used in monocyte differentiation experiments, vaccine formulations and disease treatment. The aim of this study was to produce recombinant bovine GM-CSF and IL-4 in an episomal expression system that conserves the postransductional modification of the native proteins and to use the products to differentiate bovine monocytes into dendritic cells.

Material And Methods: The recombinant proteins rGM-CSF and rIL-4 were expressed in PEAKrapid CRL-2828 human kidney cells, ATCC CRL-2828.

Rv2577 of Is a Virulence Factor With Dual Phosphatase and Phosphodiesterase Functions.

Tuberculosis, a lung disease caused by , is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide affecting mainly developing countries. can persist and survive inside infected cells through modulation of host antibacterial attack, i.e.

Analysing nonsynonymous mutations between two Mycobacterium bovis strains with contrasting pathogenic profiles.

Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease that can affect cattle, other domesticated species, wild animals and humans. This disease produces important economic losses worldwide.

Bovine macrophages responses to the infection with virulent and attenuated Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona.

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Although cattle are usually the maintenance hosts of serovar Hardjo, Pomona is the most frequent serovar circulating in Argentina. The understanding of bovine innate immune response and the virulence of this serovar is important for future control measures.

Mycobacterium bovis Requires P27 (LprG) To Arrest Phagosome Maturation and Replicate within Bovine Macrophages.

causes tuberculosis in a wide variety of mammals, with strong tropism for cattle and eventually humans. P27, also called LprG, is among the proteins involved in the mechanisms of the virulence and persistence of and Here, we describe a novel function of P27 in the interaction of with its natural host cell, the bovine macrophage. We found that a deletion in the operon impairs the replication of in bovine macrophages.

Study of the in vivo role of Mce2R, the transcriptional regulator of mce2 operon in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality throughout the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of human tuberculosis, has developed strategies involving proteins and other compounds called virulence factors to subvert human host defences and damage and invade the human host. Among these virulence-related proteins are the Mce proteins, which are encoded in the mce1, mce2, mce3 and mce4 operons of M.

Beclin 1 modulates the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2: insights from a pathogen infection system.

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterium that generates large vacuoles in which this pathogen replicates and survives. We have previously demonstrated that C. burnetii interacts with the autophagic pathway as a strategy for its survival and replication.

Assays to assess autophagy induction and fusion of autophagic vacuoles with a degradative compartment, using monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and DQ-BSA.

In this chapter we describe the use of monodasylcadaverine (MDC) and DQ-BSA, two practical and convenient tools to study the autophagic pathway. MDC is a lysosomotropic compound useful for the identification of autophagic vesicles by fluorescence microscopy and, in addition, to assess autophagy induction via the accumulation of MDC-labeled vacuoles. However, the increase of autophagosomes does not necessarily reflect autophagosome maturation and degradation of the sequestered materials, thus the use of DQ-BSA in conjunction with and autophagic marker is an appropriate technique to monitor the formation of the autolysosome, the degradative compartment.