Smartphone and tablet use pattern in children up to 5 years old in Spain: a cross-sectional study.

to characterize the smartphones and tablets use pattern in a sample of children up to 5 years old and assess with which variables it is associated. cross-sectional study of 410 parents of children up to 5 years of age. Data were obtained from an online questionnaire.

Parental norms and perceptions regarding use of mobile devices by children under five years.

Background: (1) Most parents are concerned about their children's time on mobile devices.

Background: (2) Unrestricted access is associated with increased use of mobile devices in children.

Background: (3) Parents are concerned about early exposure to mobile devices by children.

Smartphone use by children in fast food restaurants in Barcelona (Spain): a direct observation study.

Objective: To explore the use of smartphones at mealtimes by children in fast food restaurants in the city of Barcelona and to assess the variables associated with this use.

Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Data from 1616 children of estimated ages between 4 to 10 years were collected in fast-food restaurants in the ten districts of Barcelona between October 2021 and July 2022.

Peronia peronii as a bio-indicator to assess the toxicity of waterpipe tobacco leachates in aquatic and sediment media.

This study was aimed to survey toxicity of waterpipe wastes leachates on Peronia peronii in aquatic and sediment environments as two exposure media. For this, leachates of four tobacco types including burnt traditional tobacco (BTT), fresh traditional tobacco (FTT), burnt fruit-flavored tobacco (BFT) and fresh fruit-flavored tobacco (FFT)) were prepared and used to assess their toxic effects on P. peronei in two aquatic and sediment media.

Tobacco endgame in the WHO European Region: Feasibility in light of current tobacco control status.

Introduction: To assess the feasibility of developing World Health Organization (WHO) European Region countries' goals and measures in line with tobacco endgame objectives, information on the current tobacco control context and capacity is needed. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) and MPOWER measures in the region.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study we used data from the WHO FCTC implementation reports and MPOWER from 2020 in 53 WHO European Region countries.

Specific biomarker comparison in current smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers.

Introduction: This study aims to address the existing gap in the literature, while adding evidence, by comparing tobacco-specific biomarkers (cotinine and nitrosamines: NNK, NNAL, NNN), and other biomarkers of e-cigarette use (humectants: glycerol, 1,2-PD, 1,3-PD) according to five study groups.

Methods: A pooling analysis including two different studies was conducted. In both analyses, we took saliva samples from smokers (n = 409) and non-smokers (n = 154), dual tobacco and e-cig users (n = 92), exclusive e-cig user with nicotine (n = 158), and exclusive e-cig users without nicotine (n = 38).

Variation in Nicotine Metabolization According to Biological Factors and Type of Nicotine Consumer.

This study aims to describe the nicotine metabolite ratio among tobacco smokers and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users and nonusers. We analyzed pooled data from a longitudinal and a cross-sectional study of the adult population from the city of Barcelona. The final sample included information on 166 smokers, 164 e-cigarettes users with nicotine, 41 e-cigarette users without nicotine, 95 dual users (users of both products), and 508 nonusers.

Determination of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in saliva samples and its association with nicotine.

Introduction: The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main receptor of the SARS-CoV-2. There is contradictory evidence on how the exposure to nicotine may module the concentration of soluble ACE2 (sACE2). The aim of this study was to assess the association between nicotine and sACE2 concentrations in saliva samples.

Association between recreational screen time and excess weight and obesity assessed with three sets of criteria in Spanish residents aged 2-14 years.

Introduction And Objective: Studies that assess the association between excess weight and screen time in childhood and adolescence are methodologically heterogeneous, and few studies have analysed the exposure to smartphones and tablets. Our study aimed to assess the association between daily recreational screen time and excess weight (overweight+obesity) and obesity in children aged 2-14 years residing in Spain using different sets of standards.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey (N=4528).

Changes in the salivary cotinine cut-offs to discriminate smokers and non-smokers before and after Spanish smoke-free legislation.

Introduction: High levels of cotinine in non-smokers indicate passive exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aims to evaluate variations in salivary cotinine cut-offs to discriminate smokers and non-smokers before and after the implementation of smoke-free legislation (Law 28/2005 and Law 42/2010) in a sample of the adult population of Barcelona, Spain.

Methods: This longitudinal study analyzes salivary cotinine samples and self-reported information from a representative sample (n = 676) of the adult population from Barcelona before and after the approval of smoke-free legislation.

Relationship between double COVID-19 vaccine uptake and trust in effectiveness and safety of vaccination in general in 23 Member states of the European Union: an ecological study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between double COVID-19 vaccine uptake and trust in effectiveness and safety of vaccination in general in 23 European Union (EU) countries.

Methods: Ecological study. Data was retrieved from the Flash Eurobarometer 494 and Our World in Data.

Knowledge and Opinions of Healthcare Professionals about Thirdhand Smoke: A Multi-National, Cross-Sectional Study.

There is scarce evidence on the knowledge and opinions about third-hand smoke (THS) of health care professionals. The main aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and opinions of health care professionals about THS and, secondarily, to explore the factors that are associated with this knowledge. Cross-sectional study using a snowball sample of multi-national health care professionals (n = 233).

Compliance Surveillance of the Tobacco Control Legislation in a Spanish Region and Characterization of Passive Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and E-Cig in Children in Outdoor Spaces.

(1) Background: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has decreased in recent years in Spain, due to the implementation of tobacco control policies. However, there is no regulation that protects against second-hand smoke (SHS) in outdoor environments. Our goal is to describe the smoking prohibition signage in public spaces and to characterize tobacco consumption in outdoor environments describing the SHS exposure in children.

Association between Leisure Screen Time and Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Spanish Children.

Objective: To assess the relation between leisure screen time and emotional and behavioral problems in Spanish children aged 4-14 years.

Study Design: This cross-sectional study used a representative sample of children aged 4-14 years included in the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey (n = 4073). Emotional and behavioral problems of children were assessed through the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Differences in sleep duration in a territory with the same time zone according to the geographic longitude: the Spanish case.

Objective/background: In some territories, such as Spain, daytime starts with around 1 h of difference between the easternmost and westernmost areas, but the time zone is the same in these areas. This difference might have an effect on children's sleep. The aim of this study is to assess if there are differences in the prevalence of short sleep duration between children under 15 years from easternmost (Catalonia) and westernmost (Galicia) continental territory areas in Spain.

Association between Leisure Screen Time and Junk Food Intake in a Nationwide Representative Sample of Spanish Children (1-14 Years): A Cross-Sectional Study.

Evidence on the association between new patterns of leisure screen time and junk food consumption in Spanish children at the national level is scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relation between daily leisure screen time and the frequency of sweet, soft drink, fast food, and snack intake in a representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents aged from 1 to 14 years. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a representative sample of the Spanish population under 15 years recruited for the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey (n = 5480).

Smartphone and Tablet Usage during COVID-19 Pandemic Confinement in Children under 48 Months in Barcelona (Spain).

Background: Total lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic might have potentially increased screen time in children. This study aims to describe the smartphone and tablets usage in children under 48 months living in Barcelona during the COVID-19 confinement.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using a non-probabilistic sample of parents with children under 48 months living in Barcelona (Spain) during COVID-19 confinement (n = 313).

Third-hand exposure at homes: Assessment using salivary cotinine.

Background/objectives: While exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a well-established problem, exposure to third-hand smoke (THS) is scanty known and needs to be studied. The objective of this work is to characterize salivary cotinine concentrations among people who self-reported exposure to SHS and THS at home.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of a representative sample (n = 736) of the adult population (≥16 years) from the city of Barcelona carried out in 2013-2014.

Association of screen time and sleep duration among Spanish 1-14 years old children.

Background: Due to the change in screen time usage in the last decade, there is needed to add more evidence about the relationship of screen time and sleep duration.

Objective: To assess the association between screen time and sleep duration among Spanish children between 1 and 14 years old.

Methods: We used data from the 2017 Spanish National Health survey, conducted on a representative sample of the Spanish population.

Association between unintentional injuries and self-harm among adolescent emergency department patients.

Background: Unintentional injury, a leading cause of morbidity among adolescents, may also be a risk factor for deliberate self-harm. To inform clinical and public health prevention efforts in adolescent populations, we examined whether distinct subtypes of unintentional injury were differentially associated with deliberate self-harm.

Methods: Statewide, all-payer, individually linkable administrative data on adolescent patients presenting to any California emergency department (ED) in 2010 (n = 490,071) were used to investigate longitudinal associations between subtypes of unintentional injury and deliberate self-harm.