[New Treatment Strategies in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Beyond Neurohormonal Inhibition].

Patients affected by heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are prone to experience episodes of worsening symptoms and signs despite continued therapy, termed "worsening heart failure" (WHF). Although guideline-directed medical therapy is well established, worsening of chronic heart failure accounts for almost 50% of all hospital admissions for HF with consequent higher risk of death and hospitalization than patients with "stable" HF. New drugs are emerging as cornerstones to reduce residual risk of both cardiovascular mortality and readmission for heart failure.

[Seroconversion and immune response after anti-HBV vaccination in patients on chronic hemodialysis: comparison of two vaccines].

ESRD patients on hemodialysis (HD) have a high risk of HBV infections. Primary prevention through vaccination is a first choice to reduce the morbidity from HBV. Prevention can be accomplished by two types of vaccines.