Changes in the Pannexin Channel in Ileum Myenteric Plexus and Intestinal Motility Following Ischemia and Reperfusion.

Background: Intestinal ischemia affects the functioning of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS). Pannexin-1 channel participates in cell communication and extracellular signaling. Probenecid (PB) is a pannexin-1 channel inhibitor, which can be a potential treatment for intestinal ischemia.

Effects of probenecid and brilliant blue G on rat enteric glial cells following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion.

The P2X7 receptor participates in several intracellular events and acts with the pannexin-1 channel. This study examined the effects of probenecid (PB) and brilliant blue G (BBG), which are antagonists of the pannexin-1 channel and P2X7 receptor, respectively, on rat ileum enteric glial cells after on ischemia and reperfusion. The ileal vessels were occluded for 45 min with nontraumatic vascular tweezers, and reperfusion was performed for periods of 24 h and 14 and 28 days.

Effects of a P2X7 receptor antagonist on myenteric neurons in the distal colon of an experimental rat model of ulcerative colitis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and affect enteric neurons. Research has shown that Brilliant Blue G (BBG), a P2X7 receptor antagonist, restores enteric neurons following ischemia and reperfusion. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BBG on myenteric neurons of the distal colon in an experimental rat model of ulcerative colitis.

P2X7 receptor antagonist recovers ileum myenteric neurons after experimental ulcerative colitis.

Background: The P2X7 receptor is expressed by enteric neurons and enteric glial cells. Studies have demonstrated that administration of a P2X7 receptor antagonist, brilliant blue G (BBG), prevents neuronal loss.

Aim: To report the effects of BBG in ileum enteric neurons immunoreactive (ir) following experimental ulcerative colitis in .

Enteric glial cells immunoreactive for P2X7 receptor are affected in the ileum following ischemia and reperfusion.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of ischemia and reperfusion injury (IS) on enteric glial cells (EGCs) and neurons immunoreactive for the P2X7 receptor. Intestinal ischemia was induced by obstructing blood flow in the ileal vessels for 35 min. Afterwards, the vessels were reperfused for 14 days.

Blockage of the P2X7 Receptor Attenuates Harmful Changes Produced by Ischemia and Reperfusion in the Myenteric Plexus.

Introduction: Our work analyzed the effects of a P2X7 receptor antagonist, Brilliant Blue G (BBG), on rat ileum myenteric plexus following ischemia and reperfusion (ISR) induced by 45 min of ileal artery occlusion with an atraumatic vascular clamp with 24 h (ISR 24-h group) or 14 d of reperfusion (ISR 14-d group).

Material And Methods: Either BBG (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, BBG50 or BBG100 groups) or saline (vehicle) was administered subcutaneously 1 h after ischemia in the ISR 24-h group or once daily for the 5 d after ischemia in the ISR 14-d group (n = 5 per group). We evaluated the neuronal density and profile area by examining the number of neutrophils in the intestinal layers, protein expression levels of the P2X7 receptor, intestinal motility and immunoreactivity for the P2X7 receptor, nitric oxide synthase, neurofilament-200, and choline acetyl transferase in myenteric neurons.

Morphological Characterization of the Myenteric Plexus of the Ileum and Distal colon of Dogs Affected by Muscular Dystrophy.

Duchenne-like muscular dystrophy (canine dystrophinopathy) is a hereditary degenerative disease characterized by muscle changes similar to those described for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and by alterations in the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. Some authors have suggested that these abnormalities may be associated with intestinal motility. This study analyzed the nitrergic and cholinergic neurons and P2X7 receptor expression in the myenteric plexus of the ileum and distal colon of dogs with muscular dystrophy.

Submucosal neurons and enteric glial cells expressing the P2X7 receptor in rat experimental colitis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ulcerative colitis on the submucosal neurons and glial cells of the submucosal ganglia of rats. 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS; colitis group) was administered in the colon to induce ulcerative colitis, and distal colons were collected after 24h. The colitis rats were compared with those in the sham and control groups.

Effects of aging on the architecture of the ileocecal junction in rats.

Aim: To evaluate the structural organization of the elastic and collagen fibers in the region of the ileocecal transition in 30 young and old male Wistar rats.

Methods: Histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed in this study. The results demonstrated that there was a demarcation of the ileocecal region between the ileum and the cecum in both groups.

The Effect of Ischemia and Reperfusion on Enteric Glial Cells and Contractile Activity in the Ileum.

Background: We investigated the effects of ischemia followed by different periods of reperfusion (I/R) on immunoreactive S100β-positive glial and Hu-immunoreactive neurons co-expressing the P2X2 receptor in the myenteric plexus of the rat ileum.

Methods: The ileal artery was occluded for 35 min with an atraumatic vascular clamp. The animals were killed 24 h, 72 h, and 1 week after ischemia.

Differential effects of intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in rat enteric neurons and glial cells expressing P2X2 receptors.

Background: Intestinal ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) may occur following intestinal obstruction. In rats, I/R in the small intestine leads to structural changes accompanied by neuronal death.

Aim: The objective was to analyze the impact of I/R injury on different neuronal populations in the myenteric plexus of the rat ileum after different periods of reperfusion.

Differential effects of experimental ulcerative colitis on P2X7 receptor expression in enteric neurons.

The digestive tracts of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients present with pathophysiological processes and intestinal necrosis. This study examined the P2X7 receptor and changes in the distal colon in enteric neurons of rats with experimental ulcerative colitis. The analysis was performed in the distal colons of rats with ulcerative colitis induced by the administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (colitis group).

Effects of ischemia and reperfusion on subpopulations of rat enteric neurons expressing the P2X7 receptor.

Background: Intestinal ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) may occur following intestinal obstruction. In rats, I/R in the small intestine leads to structural changes accompanied by neuronal death.

Aim: To analyze the impact of I/R injury on different neuronal populations in the myenteric plexus of rat ileum.

Differential effects of undernourishment on the differentiation and maturation of rat enteric neurons.

The colocalization, number, and size of various classes of enteric neurons immunoreactive (IR) for the purinergic P2X2 and P2X7 receptors (P2X2R, P2X7R) were analyzed in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of control, undernourished, and re-fed rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to undernourishment (protein-deprivation) or fed a control diet, and their offspring comprised the following experimental groups: rats exposed to a normal diet throughout gestation until postnatal day (P)42, rats protein-deprived throughout gestation and until P42, and rats protein-deprived throughout gestation until P21 and then given a normal diet until P42. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the myenteric and submucosal plexuses to evaluate immunoreactivity for P2X2R, P2X7R, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), calbindin, and calretinin.