Cortical Lewy body injections induce long-distance pathogenic alterations in the non-human primate brain.

Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is the cornerstone of neurodegenerative diseases termed synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson's Disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). These synucleinopathies are characterized by the deposit of aggregated α-syn in intracellular inclusions observable in neurons and glial cells. In PD and DLB, these aggregates, predominantly located in neurons, are called Lewy Bodies (LBs).

Brain injections of glial cytoplasmic inclusions induce a multiple system atrophy-like pathology.

Synucleinopathies encompass several neurodegenerative diseases, which include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. These diseases are characterized by the deposit of α-synuclein aggregates in intracellular inclusions in neurons and glial cells. Unlike Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, where aggregates are predominantly neuronal, multiple system atrophy is associated with α-synuclein cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes.

Identification of TRPV1 Ion Channels Agonists of Tropaeolum tuberosum in Human Skin Keratinocytes.

commonly known as Mashua, is an herbal remedy used in traditional Andean medicine for the relief of kidney and bladder pain, as well as contusions. This study aimed to evaluate the fractions and isolated compounds from with analgesic activity mediated by the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor. A bioguided phytochemical analysis based on NMR/MS was performed to identify the compounds of the -heptane fractions from samples of purple tubers of .

Impact of clinical guidance and rapid molecular pathogen detection on evaluation and outcomes of febrile or hypothermic infants.

Objective: To quantify the impact of clinical guidance and rapid respiratory and meningitis/encephalitis multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) testing on the management of infants.

Design: Before-and-after intervention study.

Setting: Tertiary-care children's hospital.

Factors Associated With Physician Empowerment and Well-being at an Academic Medical Center.

Objective: This study reports an institutional approach to rapidly measure burnout and gather physicians' opinions on workplace factors that empower well-being.

Methods: In July 2017, physicians at Vanderbilt University Medical Center were invited to participate in a two-question survey measuring self-reported burnout and providing an opportunity to describe structures that empower well-being. Free-text responses were analyzed and a linear regression model assessed factors associated with well-being.

Bidirectional gut-to-brain and brain-to-gut propagation of synucleinopathy in non-human primates.

In Parkinson's disease, synucleinopathy is hypothesized to spread from the enteric nervous system, via the vagus nerve, to the CNS. Here, we compare, in baboon monkeys, the pathological consequences of either intrastriatal or enteric injection of α-synuclein-containing Lewy body extracts from patients with Parkinson's disease. This study shows that patient-derived α-synuclein aggregates are able to induce nigrostriatal lesions and enteric nervous system pathology after either enteric or striatal injection in a non-human primate model.

Cardiac Noradrenaline Turnover and Heat Shock Protein 27 Phosphorylation in Dyskinetic Monkeys.

Background: Autonomic dysfunction is a well-known dominant symptom in the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. However, the role of cardiac sympathetic nerves still needs to be elucidated.

Objectives: To evaluate cardiac sympathetic response in Parkinsonian and dyskinetic monkeys.

Fractures in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Are We Considering Abuse?

Approximately one fourths of infant fractures are due to abuse. Recognition of abuse is important to avoid further morbidity/mortality. There is limited knowledge regarding how frequently pediatric emergency department clinicians consider abuse in infants with fractures.

A multiyear assessment of a hospital-school program to promote teen motor vehicle safety.

Background: Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among teen drivers. The main goal of this program was to reduce texting while driving among high school teens through a unique peer-generated anti-texting campaign.

Methods: The program consisted of two phases.

Therapeutic plasma exchange in rheumatic diseases: a university hospital experience.

Introduction: Each day, evidence accumulates related to the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in patients with rheumatic diseases. San Ignacio University Hospital has recorded all of the TPE sessions performed by the institution's apheresis group.

Objective: To describe the TPE experience of patients with rheumatologic diseases in a hospital setting.

A multiyear assessment of a hospital-school program to promote teen motor vehicle safety.

Background: Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among teen drivers. The main goal of this program was to reduce texting while driving among high school teens through a unique peer-generated anti-texting campaign.

Methods: The program consisted of two phases.

Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and localized neuroinflammation occurring in the midbrain several years before the actual onset of symptoms. Neuroinflammation leads to microglia activation and release of a large number of proinflammatory mediators. The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan catabolism is one of the major regulators of the immune response and is also likely to be implicated in the inflammatory and neurotoxic events in Parkinsonism.

Retinal aging in the diurnal Chilean rodent (Octodon degus): histological, ultrastructural and neurochemical alterations of the vertical information processing pathway.

The retina is sensitive to age-dependent degeneration. To find suitable animal models to understand and map this process has particular importance. The degu (Octodon degus) is a diurnal rodent with dichromatic color vision.

Inflammation in Parkinson's disease: role of glucocorticoids.

Chronic inflammation is a major characteristic feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies in PD patients show evidence of augmented levels of potent pro-inflammatory molecules e.g.

Innovative Application of Cerebral rSO2 Monitoring During Shunt Tap in Pediatric Ventricular Malfunctioning Shunts.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the reliability and potential application of cerebral regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2) monitoring in malfunctioning ventricular shunts during tap.

Methods: This is a prospective case series using convenience sample in subjects with confirmed malfunctioning shunt who had left and right cerebral rSO2 monitoring every 5 seconds before, during, and 1 hour after shunt tap.

Results: Ninety-four subjects had cerebral rSO2 monitoring.

Memantine prevents reference and working memory impairment caused by sleep deprivation in both young and aged Octodon degus.

Memory loss is one of the key features of cognitive impairment in either aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. Pharmacological treatments for memory loss are today focused on addressing symptomatology. One of these approved compounds is memantine, a partial NMDA receptor antagonist that has proved its beneficial effects in cognition.

Octodon degus: a model for the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Octodon degus (O. degus) is a diurnal rodent that spontaneously develops several physiopathological conditions, analogous in many cases to those experienced by humans. In light of this, O.

Intravenous hypertonic saline use in the pediatric emergency department.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the use, dosing, and administration of intravenous hypertonic saline (IHS) use in a pediatric emergency department.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients 0 to 18 years receiving IHS as part of their management in a pediatric ED with an annual volume of more than 50,000 visits.

Results: Over 4 years, 56 patients received IHS as part of their management in the emergency department.