Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals reinforced PLA-gelatin electrospun fibers for potential antibacterial wound dressing and coating applications.

This study addresses the critical need for effective antibacterial materials by exploring the innovative integration of dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ammonium chloride (DTSACl) onto cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), followed by its incorporation into polylactic acid and gelatin matrices to engineer antibacterial nanofiber mats. The modification of CNC with DTSACl (QACNC) was studied and confirmed by FT-IR, C NMR, and XRD analysis. Furthermore, the impact of such addition on the morphology, mechanical, hydrophobic properties, and antibacterial efficacy of the resultant QACNC nanofibers were thoroughly investigated.

Antibacterial -trachyloban-19-oic acid and other constituents from G.W. Hu, Ngumbau & Q.F. Wang.

Phytochemical analysis of the twigs and leaves of , endemic to Kenya, yielded known compounds 3-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-prop-1-ene (, 3-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-propenal (), lupeol () and -trachyloban-19-oic acid (), and a tentatively new -clerodane diterpenoid, crotokinondoenolide (). -Trachy-loban-19-oic acid () showed good activity against a panel of drug-resistant strains of and spp with MIC -values of 25 g/mL.

New -phenylpyrrolamide inhibitors of DNA gyrase with improved antibacterial activity.

This study presents the discovery of a new series of -phenylpyrrolamide inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase with improved antibacterial activity. The most potent inhibitors had low nanomolar IC values against DNA gyrase (IC; 2-20 nM) and topoisomerase IV (22i, IC = 143 nM). Importantly, none of the compounds showed activity against human DNA topoisomerase IIα, indicating selectivity for bacterial targets.

Improved N-phenylpyrrolamide inhibitors of DNA gyrase as antibacterial agents for high-priority bacterial strains.

In this work, we describe an improved series of N-phenylpyrrolamide inhibitors that exhibit potent activity against DNA gyrase and are highly effective against high-priority gram-positive bacteria. The most potent compounds show low nanomolar IC values against Escherichia coli DNA gyrase, and in addition, compound 7c also inhibits E. coli topoisomerase IV in the nanomolar concentration range, making it a promising candidate for the development of potent dual inhibitors for these enzymes.

Benzothiazole DNA gyrase inhibitors and their conjugates with siderophore mimics: design, synthesis and evaluation.

Benzothiazole-based bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitors are promising new antibacterial agents with potent activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to improve the uptake of these inhibitors into the cytoplasm of Gram-negative bacteria by conjugating them to the small siderophore mimics. The best conjugate 18b displayed potent DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibition.

Biochemometry identifies ostruthin as pluripotent antimicrobial and anthelmintic agent from masterwort.

The root extract of (PO-E) was identified as a promising antibacterial source from a screening of 158 extracts against . It has also recently been shown to significantly decrease the survival of the nematode . We used the biochemometric approach ELINA to investigate the phytochemical characteristics of the multicomponent mixture PO-E to identify the anti-infective constituent(s) targeting and H NMR spectra of PO-E-derived microfractions were correlated with their respective bioactivity data.

Willow Bark-Derived Material with Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties for Potential Wound Dressing Applications.

Tree stems contain wood in addition to 10-20% bark, which remains one of the largest underutilized biomasses on earth. Unique macromolecules (like lignin, suberin, pectin, and tannin), extractives, and sclerenchyma fibers form the main part of the bark. Here, we perform detailed investigation of antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of bark-derived fiber bundles and discuss their potential application as wound dressing for treatment of infected chronic wounds.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of permanently ionized quaternary ammonium fluoroquinolones.

A series of quaternary ammonium fluoroquinolones was obtained by exhaustive methylation of the amine groups present at the 7-position of fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, gatifloxacin, lomefloxacin, and norfloxacin. The synthesized molecules were tested for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens, i.e.

Compounding Parenteral Products in Pediatric Wards-Effect of Environment and Aseptic Technique on Product Sterility.

Parenteral products must be compounded using an aseptic technique to ensure sterility of the medicine. We compared the effect of three clinical environments as compounding areas as well as different aseptic techniques on the sterility of the compounded parenteral product. Clinical pharmacists and pediatric nurses compounded 220 samples in total in three clinical environments: a patient room, a medicine room and biological safety cabinet.

Genomic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from seafood, horticulture and factory environments in New Zealand.

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne human pathogen that causes systemic infection, fetal-placental infection in pregnant women causing abortion and stillbirth and meningoencephalitis in elderly and immunocompromised individuals. This study aimed to analyse L. monocytogenes from different sources from New Zealand (NZ) and to compare them with international strains.

Biofilm Formation by 15G01, a Persistent Isolate from a Seafood-Processing Plant, Is Influenced by Inactivation of Multiple Genes Belonging to Different Functional Groups.

is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen that results in a high rate of mortality in sensitive and immunocompromised people. Contamination of food with is thought to occur during food processing, most often as a result of the pathogen producing a biofilm that persists in the environment and acting as the source for subsequent dispersal of cells onto food. A survey of seafood-processing plants in New Zealand identified the persistent strain 15G01, which has a high capacity to form biofilms.

New dual ATP-competitive inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV active against ESKAPE pathogens.

The rise in multidrug-resistant bacteria defines the need for identification of new antibacterial agents that are less prone to resistance acquisition. Compounds that simultaneously inhibit multiple bacterial targets are more likely to suppress the evolution of target-based resistance than monotargeting compounds. The structurally similar ATP binding sites of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase Ⅳ offer an opportunity to accomplish this goal.

Influence of farming methods and seawater depth on Vibrio species in New Zealand Pacific oysters.

Studies conducted in seawaters around New Zealand have shown the numbers of human pathogenic Vibrio spp. are usually low, but high numbers sometimes occur during warmer summer/autumn months (January - April). In this study, Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were grown at Kaipara Harbour and Mahurangi Harbour in New Zealand at different heights from the seafloor in different ways: fixed positons intertidally and subtidally, and as floating long lines over the 2013 and 2014 summer periods.

Second-generation 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[]thiazoles as novel DNA gyrase inhibitors.

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are essential bacterial enzymes, and in the fight against bacterial resistance, they are important targets for the development of novel antibacterial drugs. Building from our first generation of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[]thiazole-based DNA gyrase inhibitors, we designed and prepared an optimized series of analogs that show improved inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from and , with IC values in the nanomolar range. Importantly, these inhibitors also show improved antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel DNA gyrase inhibitors and their siderophore mimic conjugates.

Bacterial DNA gyrase is an important target for the development of novel antibacterial drugs, which are urgently needed because of high level of antibiotic resistance worldwide. We designed and synthesized new 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole-based DNA gyrase B inhibitors and their conjugates with siderophore mimics, which were introduced to increase the uptake of inhibitors into the bacterial cytoplasm. The most potent conjugate 34 had an IC of 58 nM against Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and displayed MIC of 14 µg/mL against E.

An optimised series of substituted N-phenylpyrrolamides as DNA gyrase B inhibitors.

ATP competitive inhibitors of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV have great therapeutic potential, but none of the described synthetic compounds has so far reached the market. To optimise the activities and physicochemical properties of our previously reported N-phenylpyrrolamide inhibitors, we have synthesized an improved, chemically variegated selection of compounds and evaluated them against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes, and against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The most potent compound displayed IC values of 6.

α-Amino Diphenyl Phosphonates as Novel Inhibitors of Escherichia coli ClpP Protease.

Increased Gram-negative bacteria resistance to antibiotics is becoming a global problem, and new classes of antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are required. The caseinolytic protease subunit P (ClpP) is a serine protease conserved among bacteria that is considered as an interesting drug target. ClpP function is involved in protein turnover and homeostasis, stress response, and virulence among other processes.

Defining conditions for biofilm inhibition and eradication assays for Gram-positive clinical reference strains.

Background: Biofilms are formed by a complex bacterial community encapsulated by a polymeric matrix, with strong adherent properties and persistent phenotype. Biofilms are considered one of the most challenging areas of modern medicine. Existing antibiotics have been developed against free-floating bacterial cells, and thus, many treatments of biofilm-related infection fail.

Persistent Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from mussel production facilities form more biofilm but are not linked to specific genetic markers.

Contamination of mussels with the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes occurs during processing in the factory, possibly from bacteria persisting in the factory's indoor and outdoor areas. In this study, a selection of persistent (n=8) and sporadic (n=8) L. monocytogenes isolates associated with mussel-processing premises in New Zealand were investigated for their phenotypic and genomic characteristics.

Biofilm formation of the L. monocytogenes strain 15G01 is influenced by changes in environmental conditions.

Listeria monocytogenes 15G01, a strain belonging to the persistent pulsotype 5132, was isolated from a seafood processing plant in New Zealand. Simple monoculture assays using crystal violet staining showed good biofilm formation for this strain and it was therefore chosen to be further investigated in regard to its biofilm forming ability. To evaluate its behaviour in different conditions commonly encountered in food processing environments, biofilm assays and growth studies were performed using common laboratory media under a range of temperatures (20 °C, 30 °C and 37 °C).

Tannins and extracts of fruit byproducts: antibacterial activity against foodborne bacteria and antioxidant capacity.

The shelf life of fresh fish and meat transported over long distances could be extended by using plant-based extracts to control spoilage bacteria. The goals of the present study were to identify plant-based extracts that effectively suppress the main spoilage bacteria of chilled fish and lamb and to assess their antioxidant capacity. The phenolic compounds in wood-based tannins and extracts isolated from byproducts of the fruit processing industry were identified and/or quantified.

Listeria monocytogenes associated with New Zealand seafood production and clinical cases: unique sequence types, truncated InlA, and attenuated invasiveness.

Listeriosis is caused by the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, which can be found in seafood and processing plants. To evaluate the risk to human health associated with seafood production in New Zealand, multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST) was used to define the sequence types (STs) of 31 L. monocytogenes isolates collected from seafood-processing plants, 15 from processed foods, and 6 from human listeriosis cases.