Preretinal hemorrhage preventing subretinal involvement in multilayer macular hemorrhages: coincidence or plausible relationship?

Background: To report four cases with interesting anatomical presentations of multilayer macular hemorrhages with preretinal hemorrhage possibly preventing subretinal involvement of the macular area.

Cases Presentation: Observational study of four patients presenting with macular hemorrhages.

Results: Four patients with multilayer macular hemorrhage due to different causes, presented with a halo-shaped submacular hemorrhage coincident with the preretinal hemorrhage borders.

Drinking-water herbicide exposure in Indiana and prevalence of small-for-gestational-age and preterm delivery.

Background: Atrazine and other corn herbicides are routinely detected in drinking water. Two studies on potential association of atrazine with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and preterm birth prevalence found inconsistent results. Moreover, these studies did not control for individual-level potential confounders.

Risk of limb birth defects and mother's home proximity to cornfields.

Background: Although previous studies have linked proximity to crops and birth defects, they lacked individual-level exposure data and none was based on using planted area instead of linear proximity to crops as the exposure metric. We studied birth defects in relation to the area of corn or soybeans within 500 m of the mother's residence.

Methods: We selected all singleton births from rural areas conceived during the 2000-2004 spring-summer months (n=48,216).