A Comparison of the Asleep-Awake Technique and Monitored Anesthesia Care During Awake Craniotomy: A 10-Year Analysis.

Background Awake intracranial surgery with direct electrical stimulation (DES) is considered the gold standard for the resection of tumors affecting the eloquent areas of the brain. Awake craniotomy is a challenge for the anesthesiologist, as the patient's active cooperation is required throughout the operation. There are two frequent techniques, one is asleep-awake-asleep (AAA), and the other is called monitored anesthesia care (MAC).