Dual diagnosis of TBI and SCI: an epidemiological study in the pediatric population.

Introduction: Dual diagnosis (DD) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) poses clinical and rehabilitation challenges. While comorbid TBI is common among adults with SCI, little is known about the epidemiology in the pediatric population. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of TBI among children in the United States hospitalized with SCI.

Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) Booster Vaccination Increases Senegalese Sole Survival and Enhances Immunoprotection.

A re-immunization programme has been tested to improve the protective response elicited in sole by a previously developed BEI-inactivated betanodavirus vaccine. The vaccine was prepared using a reassortant RGNNV/SJNNV strain which is highly pathogenic for sole, and vaccination assays were performed by intraperitoneal injection. Experimental design included a prime- and a booster-vaccination group, which consisted of individuals that received a second vaccine injection at 30 days post vaccination), and their respective controls.

Left-Biased Clavicle Length Asymmetry in Children and Young Adults 12 to 25 Years Old.

Management of clavicle fractures depends in part on the magnitude of shortening compared with the contralateral, intact clavicle. However, estimating prefracture length may be complicated by side-to-side asymmetry. The authors retrospectively reviewed chest radiographs using a ruler tool to measure clavicle length in 696 patients 12 to 25 years old.