Long-term use of clomiphene in male macroprolactinomas with persistent hypogonadism.

Background: Men with macroprolactinoma can present persistent hypogonadism despite normoprolactinemia achieved with clinical and/or neurosurgical treatment. Usually, testosterone replacement therapy is indicated. Nevertheless, although off-label, clomiphene citrate (CC), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has also been used, mainly when fertility is an issue.

PRL-R Variants Are Not Only Associated With Prolactinomas But Also With Dopamine Agonist Resistance.

Context: Knockout prolactin receptor gene (PRL-R) mice are animal models for prolactinomas and PRL acts via autocrine/paracrine inhibiting lactotroph proliferation. Recently, variants of the PRL-R were identified in prolactinoma patients and their frequency was higher compared to individuals from the genomic database.

Objective: We analyzed PRL-R variants frequency in an extensive cohort of prolactinoma patients and evaluated their association with clinical, laboratorial, and imaging characteristics and hormonal response to cabergoline.

An intrasellar germinoma with normal tumor marker concentrations mimicking primary lymphocytic hypophysitis.

Intracranial germinomas (GE) are malignant neoplasms most commonly found in the suprasellar region, which may cause anterior and particularly posterior pituitary hormone deficits with central diabetes insipidus (DI). Differential diagnosis of pituitary stalk thickening includes granulomatous, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic lesions. Although careful analysis of clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings may facilitate the diagnosis, transsphenoidal biopsy is indicated to confirm the disease, as the correct diagnosis directs the appropriate treatment.

Primary antiphospholipid syndrome and panhypopituitarism: a unique presentation.

Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH) has been described previously in systemic lupus erythematosus (1.3%), Sjögren's syndrome (0.8%).