Diurnal variation on tear stability and correlation with tear cytokine concentration.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of time of day on tear evaporation rate (TER) and tear break-up time, and its possible relationship with the concentration of inflammatory tear molecules (cytokines) in healthy subjects.

Methods: Participants with healthy ocular surfaces attended 3 visits, including the screening visit (V0), the 2nd visit (V1) and the 3rd visit (V2). There were 7-day intervals between visits.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Species.

For nearly a century the use of antibiotics to treat infectious diseases has benefited human and animal health. In recent years there has been an increase in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, in part attributed to the overuse of compounds in clinical and farming settings. The genus currently comprises 17 recognized species found throughout the environment.

High intensity light pulses to reduce microbial load in fresh cheese.

The present study focused on the utilisation of High Intensity Light Pulses (HILP) treatment to preserve mozzarella cheese. First, the susceptibility of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Enterobacteriaceae to HILP (fluences from 0·39 to 28·0 J/cm2) in a transparent liquid was evaluated (in-vitro tests). Afterwards, the effects on inoculated mozzarella cheese were also assessed.

Light based technologies for microbial inactivation of liquids, bead surfaces and powdered infant formula.

This study evaluates the potential of continuous wave Ultraviolet C light (UV-C) and broad-spectrum intense pulsed light (in this study referred to as High Intensity Light Pulses, HILP) for the inactivation of pathogens of public concern in powdered infant formula (PIF) producers. To achieve this goal a sequential set of experiments were performed, firstly in clear liquid media, secondly on the surface of spherical beads under agitation and, finally in PIF. L.

An assessment of the impact of pulsed electric fields processing factors on oxidation, color, texture, and sensory attributes of turkey breast meat.

Pulsed electric fields (PEF) is a novel nonthermal technology that has the potential to cause physical disruption to muscle tissue which in turn could alter the sensorial aspects of meat in both a positive (e.g., enhanced tenderization) and a negative way (e.

In Vitro Model for Predicting the Protective Effect of Ultraviolet-Blocking Contact Lens in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.

Purpose: To develop an in vitro method to determine the protective effect of UV-blocking contact lenses (CLs) in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells exposed to UV-B radiation.

Materials And Methods: SV-40-transformed HCE cells were covered with non-UV-blocking CL, UV-blocking CL or not covered, and exposed to UV-B radiation. As control, HCE cells were covered with both types of CLs or not covered, but not exposed to UV-B radiation.

Effect of pulsed electric field treatments at various stages during conditioning on quality attributes of beef longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle.

Beef longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle was used to evaluate the effect of PEF treatments (1.4 kV/cm, 10 Hz, 20 μs, 300 and 600 pulses) on meat quality attributes (weight loss, colour, cook loss and texture) and its evolution at various stages during ageing (2, 10, 18 and 26 days post-mortem). The length of meat ageing before and after PEF application exerted no influence on weight loss, colour and cook loss.

Influence of environmental factors in the in vitro dehydration of hydrogel and silicone hydrogel contact lenses.

Purpose: To analyze in vitro the influence of different environmental conditions on the dehydration pattern of seven currently marketed hydrogel (Hy) and silicone hydrogel (Si-Hy) contact lenses (CL).

Methods: Three Hy and four Si-Hy CLs were evaluated. CLs were exposed to four different relative humidity (RH) conditions (5%, 30%, 50%, and 70%) and two air flow (AF) rates (0 and 2.

UV-C inactivation of Cronobacter sakazakii.

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of different factors on the resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii NCTC 9238 to UV-C light (which includes germicidal ultraviolet light at 254 nm) and to determine whether a combined treatment with heat would produce a synergistic effect for its inactivation. Growth temperature between 10°C and 37°C did not change the UV-C resistance of C. sakazakii.