Traumatic Brain Injury and Gut Brain Axis: The Disruption of an Alliance.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be considered a "silent epidemic", causing morbidity, disability, and mortality in all age cohorts. Therefore, a greater understanding of the underlying pathophysiological intricate mechanisms and interactions with other organs and systems is necessary to intervene not only in the treatment but also in the prevention of complications. In this complex of reciprocal interactions, the complex brain-gut axis has captured a growing interest.

Gut-liver axis and microbiota in NAFLD: insight pathophysiology for novel therapeutic target.

There is increasing evidence for a correlation between intestinal microbiota, bacterial translocation and hepatic steatosis. Intestinal microbiota affects nutrient absorption and energy homeostasis. Altered intestinal permeability may favor the passage of bacteriaderived compounds into systemic circulation, causing a systemic inflammatory state, characteristic of the metabolic syndrome.

Regression of lactose malabsorption in coeliac patients after receiving a gluten-free diet.

Objective: In a recent study by our group, it was shown that a large proportion of patients with lactose malabsorption and with no bacterial overgrowth are affected by silent coeliac disease (CD). Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a gluten-free diet on lactose malabsorption assessed using the hydrogen lactose breath test (LBT) and also the relationship with normalization of duodenal biopsies in coeliac patients.

Material And Methods: Fifteen patients (11 F, 4 M; mean age 35.