Male versus female inflammatory response after brain death model followed by ex vivo lung perfusion.

Background: Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a useful tool for assessing lung grafts quality before transplantation. Studies indicate that donor sex is as an important factor for transplant outcome, as females present higher inflammatory response to brain death (BD) than males. Here, we investigated sex differences in the lungs of rats subjected to BD followed by EVLP.

Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone lymphatic uptake with nanostructured lipid carrier after oral administration in rats.

Leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan sp., infects phagocyte cells present in lymphatic organs. This study demonstrates the influence of nanostructured lipid carrier-loaded hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NLC-NFOH) on lymphatic uptake using a chylomicron-blocking flow model in rats.

Comparison of acute kidney injury following brain death between male and female rats.

Background: Clinical reports associate kidneys from female donors with worse prognostic in male recipients. Brain Death (BD) produces immunological and hemodynamic disorders that affect organ viability. Following BD, female rats are associated with increased renal inflammation interrelated with female sex hormone reduction.

Modulatory effects of 17β-estradiol on acute lung inflammation after total occlusion of the descending aorta in male rats.

As a consequence of systemic inflammation caused by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) due to aortic occlusion, the lungs can exhibit increased microvascular permeability, local release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and leukocyte infiltration. Lung tissue infiltration by activated neutrophils is followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is linked to acute pulmonary microvascular damage, high mortality rates, and organ dysfunction. Previous studies have demonstrated that female sex hormones modulate the inflammatory response and that prophylactic treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) can prevent fatalities and preserve mesenteric perfusion and intestinal integrity after ischemia/reperfusion induced by aortic occlusion.

Cardiac MicroRNA Expression Profile After Experimental Brain Death Is Associated With Myocardial Dysfunction and Can Be Modulated by Hypertonic Saline.

Background: Brain death (BD) is associated with systemic inflammatory compromise, which might affect the quality of the transplanted organs. This study investigated the expression profile of cardiac microRNAs (miRNAs) after BD, and their relationship with the observed decline in myocardial function and with the changes induced by hypertonic saline solution (HSS) treatment.

Methods: Wistar rats were assigned to sham-operation (SHAM) or submitted to BD with and without the administration of HSS.

Treatment with 17β-estradiol protects donor heart against brain death effects in female rat.

The viability of donor organs is reduced by hemodynamic and immunologic alterations caused by brain death (BD). Female rats show higher heart inflammation associated with the reduction in female sex hormones after BD. This study investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on BD-induced cardiac damage in female rats.

17β-Estradiol as a New Therapy to Preserve Microcirculatory Perfusion in Small Bowel Donors.

Background: Intestine graft viability compromises retrieval in most brain-dead donors. Small bowel transplantation is a complex procedure with worse outcomes than transplantation of other abdominal organs. The hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) has shown vascular protective effects in lung tissue of brain death (BD) male rats.

Hypertonic Saline Modulates Heart Function and Myocardial Inflammatory Alterations in Brain-Dead Rats.

Background: Brain death (BD) in potential organ donors is responsible for hemodynamic instability and organ hypoperfusion, leading to myocardial dysfunction. Hypertonic saline (HS) is a volume expander with positive effects on hemodynamics and immunomodulation and was tested in this study to prevent left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and myocardial injury.

Methods: BD was induced in anesthetized Wistar rats by inflating a subdural balloon catheter, except in sham-operated animals (n = 6).

Differential Effects of Brain Death on Rat Microcirculation and Intestinal Inflammation: Female Versus Male.

Brain death (BD) affects organs by multiple mechanisms related to hemodynamic effects, hormonal changes, and the systemic inflammatory response, which reduce organ function and viability. BD reduces microcirculatory perfusion in rat mesentery; this disturbance is also observed in the pancreas and lungs. Sex hormones can affect microcirculatory function, altering tissue perfusion and influencing the inflammatory process.

17β-Estradiol prevents mesenteric injury induced by occlusion of the proximal descending aorta in male rats.

Objective: In surgical aortic repair or cardiac surgery with aorta occlusion, the occurrence of mesenteric ischemia and bowel injury has been associated with higher short-term mortality. The vascular protection of estrogens has been investigated and is mainly mediated by increasing the availability of nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, this study investigated the role of 17β-estradiol on visceral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury after descending aorta occlusion in male rats.

Effects of ethyl pyruvate on leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the mesenteric microcirculation during early sepsis treatment.

Objectives: Experimental studies on sepsis have demonstrated that ethyl pyruvate is endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate on leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the mesenteric microcirculation in a live Escherichia coli-induced sepsis model in rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were administered an intravenous suspension of E.

Leukocyte-endothelium interactions after hemorrhagic shock/reperfusion and cecal ligation/puncture: an intravital microscopic study in rat mesentery.

Hemorrhagic shock/reperfusion (HS/R) followed by sepsis triggers systemic microcirculatory disturbances that may induce multiple organ failure. The present study evaluated the effects of HS/R and cecal ligation and puncture, followed by necrotic cecal resection/peritoneal lavage (REL) on leukocyte-endothelium interactions at the mesentery. Eighty-one anesthetized Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly assigned to a first injury: (1) control-HS-no hemorrhagic shock/no reperfusion group, (2) HS/blood-HS/R with 25% shed blood, and (3) HS/blood + LR-HS/R with 25% of the shed blood + lactated Ringer's solution, 3x shed blood volume.