Determinants of Chromatin Organization in Aging and Cancer-Emerging Opportunities for Epigenetic Therapies and AI Technology.

This review article critically examines the pivotal role of chromatin organization in gene regulation, cellular differentiation, disease progression and aging. It explores the dynamic between the euchromatin and heterochromatin, coded by a complex array of histone modifications that orchestrate essential cellular processes. We discuss the pathological impacts of chromatin state misregulation, particularly in cancer and accelerated aging conditions such as progeroid syndromes, and highlight the innovative role of epigenetic therapies and artificial intelligence (AI) in comprehending and harnessing the histone code toward personalized medicine.

EZH2 immunoexpression in pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma and clinicopathological features.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the EZH2 protein and describe the clinical and microscopic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). The study included 16 ACC cases and 12 PA. All ACC and PA cases were positive for EZH2 and the ACC samples showed significantly higher EZH2 expression.

Novel Epigenetic Modifiers of Histones Presenting Potent Inhibitory Effects on Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Stemness and Invasive Properties.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm known for its indolent clinical course, risk of perineural invasion, and late onset of distant metastasis. Due to the scarcity of samples and the tumor's rarity, progress in developing effective treatments has been historically limited. To tackle this issue, a high-throughput screening of epigenetic drugs was conducted to identify compounds capable of disrupting the invasive properties of the tumor and its cancer stem cells (CSCs).

Clock gene Per2 modulates epidermal tissue repair in vivo.

Wound healing can be influenced by genes that control the circadian cycle, including Per2 and BMAL1, which coordinate the functions of several organs, including the skin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of PER2 during experimental skin wound healing. Two groups (control and Per2-KO), consisting of 14 male mice each, were anesthetized by inhalation, and two 6 mm wounds were created on their dorsal skin using a punch biopsy.

Up-regulation of TNF-alpha/NFkB/SIRT1 axis drives aggressiveness and cancer stem cells accumulation in chemoresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Tumor resistance remains an obstacle to successfully treating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cisplatin is widely used as a cytotoxic drug to treat solid tumors, including advanced OSCC, but with low efficacy due to chemoresistance. Therefore, identifying the pathways that contribute to chemoresistance may show new possibilities for improving the treatment.

Feeling the Heat. Mapping the Epigenetic Modifications of Histone during Burn Wound Healing.

Burn injuries are observed throughout a wide range of ages, with over 1.1 million Americans suffering burns yearly, and half of these require hospitalization. Epigenetic modifications are fast-acting mechanisms that allow the human body to respond and adapt to environmental changes, including burn injuries.

Head and neck cancer stem cell maintenance relies on mTOR signaling, specifically involving the mechanistic target of rapamycin complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2).

Objective: Emerging evidence suggests that the modest response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to treatment is associated with cancer stem cells (CSC). However, the signaling pathways that play a role in HNSCC CSC maintenance and therapy response are not well-understood. In this study, we investigate the response of CSCs to phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) modulation and its potential dependency on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling.

Morphological analysis of cell cannibalism: An auxiliary tool in the prediction of central giant cell granuloma clinical behavior.

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign jaw lesion with variable clinical behavior. Cell cannibalism is a cellular process associated with aggressiveness and invasion in malignant neoplasms. Here, we morphologically investigated cell cannibalism as an auxiliary method to predict CGCG clinical behavior.

New Insights into the Impact of Human Papillomavirus on Oral Cancer in Young Patients: Proteomic Approach Reveals a Novel Role for S100A8.

Unlabelled: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has recently been linked to a subset of cancers affecting the oral cavity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HPV-driven oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) onset and progression are poorly understood.

Methods: We performed MS-based proteomics profiling based on HPV status in OSCC in young patients, following biological characterization and cell assays to explore the proteome functional landscape.

Using PDX animal models to identify and stratify adenoid cystic carcinoma patients presenting an enhanced response to HDAC inhibitors.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) patients face a highly infiltrative and metastatic disease characterized by poor survival rates and suboptimal response to available therapies. We have previously shown that sensitization of ACC tumors to chemotherapy using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy to manage tumor growth. Here, we used patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from ACC tumors to evaluate the effects of in vivo administration of the HDAC inhibitor Entinostat combined with Cisplatin over tumor growth.

Empowering the youth to choose non-traditional careers in research and academia.

Backgroud: The United States is facing a dramatic shortage of clinician-scientists within the domains of medicine and dentistry.

Point Of View: In this perspective article, we stressed the problem involving the continuous shortage of specialized professionals capable of addressing complex basic sciences questions, while maintaining clinical relevance. Here we present a different perspective regarding the early engagement of young students to clinical sciences by teaming up with high schools across the United States, and to energize the debate on our current shortage of clinician-scientists.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma from the salivary and lacrimal glands and the breast: Different clinical outcomes to the same tumor.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a biphasic malignant lesion that can develop at various anatomical sites. Salivary and lacrimal ACC lesions have a high risk of local invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. In more distant organs, such as the breast, ACC is a rarer and less aggressive lesion.

Adopting artificial intelligence in dental education: A model for academic leadership and innovation.

Introduction: The continual evolution of dental education, dental practice and the delivery of optimal oral health care is rooted in the practice of leadership. This paper explores opportunities and challenges facing dental education with a specific focus on incorporating the use of artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods: Using the model in Bolman and Deal's Reframing Organizations, the Four Frames model serves as a road map for building infrastructure within dental schools for the adoption of AI.

From Tissue Physoxia to Cancer Hypoxia, Cost-Effective Methods to Study Tissue-Specific O Levels in Cellular Biology.

The human body is endowed with an extraordinary ability to maintain different oxygen levels in various tissues and organs. The maintenance of physiological levels of oxygen is known as physoxia. The development of hypoxic conditions plays an important role in the biology of several pathologies, including cancer.

Histone Modification on Parathyroid Tumors: A Review of Epigenetics.

Parathyroid tumors are very prevalent conditions among endocrine tumors, being the second most common behind thyroid tumors. Secondary hyperplasia can occur beyond benign and malignant neoplasia in parathyroid glands. Adenomas are the leading cause of hyperparathyroidism, while carcinomas represent less than 1% of the cases.

Expression profile of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Data from Brazilian population.

Objective: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of the rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) signaling pathway is an important regulator of cell proliferation, survival, and motility. The gain or loss of function of proteins related to this pathway results in the neoplastic transformation in several types of cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the expression profile of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and HNSCC cell lines.

Novel cinnamon-laden nanofibers as a potential antifungal coating for poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base materials.

Objectives: To modify the surface of denture base material by coating it with cinnamon-laden nanofibers to reduce Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhesion and/or proliferation.

Materials And Methods: Heat-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) specimens were processed and coated, or not, with cinnamon-laden polymeric nanofibers (20 or 40 wt.

EMT in salivary gland tumors: the expression of microRNAs miR-155 and miR-200c is associated with clinical-pathological parameters.

Background: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition promotes cell adhesion loss, enabling invasion and metastasis. MicroRNAs are a class of small non-codifying RNAs that regulate gene expression.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of microRNAs that could regulate the expression of EMT factors in salivary gland tumors (SGTs).

Cephaeline is an inductor of histone H3 acetylation and inhibitor of mucoepidermoid carcinoma cancer stem cells.

Aim: To evaluate the potential use of Cephaeline as a therapeutic strategy to manage mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) of the salivary glands.

Material And Methods: UM-HMC-1, UM-HMC-2, and UM-HMC-3A MEC cell lines were used to establish the effects of Cephaeline over tumor viability determined by MTT assay. In vitro wound healing scratch assays were performed to address cellular migration while immunofluorescence staining for histone H3 lysine 9 (H3k9ac) was used to identify the acetylation status of tumor cells upon Cephaeline administration.