Folate and vitamin B12 status: temporal evaluation after mandatory fortification in Brazil.

Objectives: To perform temporal evaluation of folate and vitamin B12 status and their associated factors in a Brazilian population exposed to mandatory fortification.

Methods: Data from the cross-sectional population-based studies 2008 and 2015 Health Surveys of São Paulo, including individuals ≥ 20 years, both sexes, N = 549 in 2008 and N = 610 in 2015. Folate and vitamin B12 biomarkers status, B-complex supplements and medications use, and dietary intake were assessed.

[Quality of diet is associated with water intake among residents in São Paulo, Brazil].

The scope of the study was to evaluate the probability of the adequacy of water intake among residents of São Paulo, and to investigate if the quality of diet differs according to the adequacy of water intake. Data were extracted from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional, population-based study. Water intake (drinking water beverages and food) was evaluated using two 24-hours dietary recalls and a supplementary dietary intake questionnaire.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Iron Deficiency and Anemia among Residents of Urban Areas of São Paulo, Brazil.

Anemia is a worldwide concern. This cross-sectional population-based study examined the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) among residents of São Paulo ( = 898; 12-93 years), considering sociodemographic factors, dietary iron inadequacy, and food contributors to iron intake. Blood cell count and iron biomarkers were quantified.

Food Sources of Shortfall Nutrients among Latin Americans: Results from the Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition (ELANS).

Increased consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods can lead to inadequate intakes of shortfall nutrients, including vitamin A, D, C, and E, dietary folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and fiber. The objective was to examine the prevalence of inadequate intake of shortfall nutrients and identify food sources of shortfall nutrients in eight Latin American countries. Data from ELANS, a multi-country, population-based study of 9218 adolescents and adults were used.

Opportunities for diet quality improvement: the potential role of staple grain foods.

Objective: Given the high disease burden associated with the low intake of whole grains, modelling studies that estimate the impact of dietary strategies to increase more healthful grain foods consumption are essential to inform evidence-based and culturally specific policies. The current study investigated the potential nutritional impact of replacing staple grain foods with more healthful options.

Design: Based on the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional, population-based study, we modelled the substitution of white rice and white bread with brown rice and whole-wheat bread.

Healthful grain foods consumption by São Paulo residents: a 12-year analysis and future trends.

Objective: Understanding trends in grain consumption is essential to tackle the low consumption of healthful grain foods. This study aimed to evaluate trends and determinants of grain foods meeting the ≤10:1 carbohydrate:fibre ratio (≤10:1 ratio) in Brazil and to estimate this intake for the next years.

Design: Three editions of the cross-sectional, population-based study Health Survey of São Paulo (2003, 2008 and 2015).

Application of the ≤ 10:1 carbohydrate to fiber ratio to identify healthy grain foods and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Purpose: Optimal metrics to assess healthfulness of carbohydrate-rich products are not well established. We investigated how the content per 10 g of carbohydrate of at least 1 g of fiber (≤ 10:1-ratio) related to nutritional quality in grain foods as well as cardiometabolic risk factors in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: Data were from the cross-sectional population-based study 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo, including a probabilistic sample of urban residents in the city.

The Human Milk Microbiota is Modulated by Maternal Diet.

Human milk microorganisms contribute not only to the healthy development of the immune system in infants, but also in shaping the gut microbiota. We evaluated the effect of the maternal diet during pregnancy and during the first month of lactation on the human milk microbiota in a cross-sectional study including 94 healthy lactating women. Microbiota composition was determined by 16S rDNA profiling and nutrient intake assessed through food questionnaires.

[Validity of self-reported high cholesterol in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and factors associated with this information's sensitivity].

The study aimed to validate self-report of high cholesterol in São Paulo, Brazil, and verify factors associated with this information's sensitivity. Data were used from the Health Survey of the City of São Paulo 2015, a cross-sectional population-based study with a probabilistic sample of the city's residents. The sample included 886 individuals with information from the structured questionnaire, blood measurements of total cholesterol and fractions or who reported being on medication for high cholesterol.

Total and Added Sugar Intake: Assessment in Eight Latin American Countries.

Non-communicable diseases are growing at an alarming rate in Latin America. We assessed total and added sugar intake in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, to verify the adequacy of the World Health Organization's recommendations, considering gender, socioeconomic level (SEL) and age. A total of 9218 non-institutionalized individuals living in urban areas (age range 15-65 years) were assessed in the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a multicenter household population-based cross-sectional survey.

2015 Health Survey of São Paulo with Focus in Nutrition: Rationale, Design, and Procedures.

This paper describes the design, sampling methods, and data collection procedures, with particular focus on dietary data, used for the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo (, 2015 ISA-Capital) with Focus in Nutrition Study (2015 ISA-Nutrition). The ISA is a household cross-sectional, population-based survey that uses complex, stratified, multistage sampling to create a representative sample of residents from urban São Paulo, Brazil. The 2015 ISA-Nutrition comprised a sub-sample of the 2015 ISA-Capital and intended to include 300 adolescents (aged 12 to 19 years), 300 adults (aged 20 to 59 years), and 300 older adults (aged ≥60 years).

Dietary BCAA Intake Is Associated with Demographic, Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Factors in Residents of São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Identifying which risk groups have a higher intake of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) is important for the planning of public policies. This study was undertaken to investigate BCAA consumption, the foods contributing to that consumption and their association with demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors.

Methods: Data from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based survey ( = 1662; age range 12-97 years), were used.

Validation of self-reported diabetes in a representative sample of São Paulo city.

OBJECTIVE To validate the self-reported diabetes mellitus in adults and older adults living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS We have used data of 569 subjects (284 adults and 285 older adults), participants of the population-based cross-sectional study Inquérito de Saúde do Município de São Paulo (Health Survey of São Paulo). Fasting glucose ≥ 7.

The relationship between carbohydrate quality and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: challenges of glycemic index and glycemic load.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in adults and older adults residents of São Paulo, the association of MetS with the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and the foods that contribute to dietary GI and GL in this population.

Methods: Data from 591 adults and older adults participants in the Health Survey of São Paulo were used. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with a complex multistage sample design of residents in the urban area of the municipality.

Inadequate dietary intake of minerals: prevalence and association with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors.

This cross-sectional, population-based study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dietary mineral inadequacies among residents in urban areas of Sao Paulo, to identify foods contributing to mineral intake and to verify possible associations between socio-demographic and lifestyle factors and mineral intake. Data were obtained from the 2008 Health Survey of Sao Paulo (n 1511; mean age 43·6 (sd 23·2), range 14-97 years). Dietary intake of minerals was measured using two 24-h dietary recalls.

Family income per capita, age, and smoking status are predictors of low fiber intake in residents of São Paulo, Brazil.

We hypothesized that dietary total fiber intake may be less than recommendations and that the intake of total, soluble, and insoluble fiber may be associated with demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors. Data were drawn from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based study. Adolescents, adults, and elderly persons living in São Paulo city were included.

Inadequacies in the habitual nutrient intakes of patients with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Dietary factors are important environmental factors associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS). The objective of this study was to assess the habitual nutrient intakes of patients with MS.

Methods: A cross-sectional study included 103 patients (82 % women) with MS seen at the endocrinology outpatient clinic of Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes.

Magnesium-deficient high-fat diet: effects on adiposity, lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in growing rats.

Background & Aims: To determine if magnesium deficiency aggravates the effects of a high-fat diet in growing rats in terms of obesity, lipid profile and insulin resistance.

Methods: The study population comprised 48 newly weaned male Wistar Hannover rats distributed into four groups according to diet, namely, control group (CT; n = 8), control diet provided ad libitum; pair-feeding control group (PF; n = 16), control diet but in the same controlled amount as animals that received high-fat diets; high-fat diet group (HF; n = 12), and magnesium-deficient high-fat diet group (HFMg(-); n = 12). The parameters investigated were adiposity index, lipid profile, magnesium status, insulin sensitivity and the phosphorylation of proteins involved in the insulin-signaling pathway, i.

Magnesium status and the physical performance of volleyball players: effects of magnesium supplementation.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that magnesium supplementation influences the physical performance of volleyball players, as the efficacy of this approach remains questionable. Twenty-five professional male volleyball players were assigned randomly to experimental (350 mg Mg · d(-1), 4 weeks) and control groups (500 mg maltodextrin · d(-1), 4 weeks) maintaining inter-group homogeneity of urinary magnesium. Erythrocyte, plasma and urinary magnesium levels, plasma creatine kinase activity, lactate production, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and plyometric (squat jump, countermovement jump, countermovement jump with arm swing) and isokinetic (peak torque, potency and total work) performances were evaluated before (T0) and after (T1) supplementation.

Influence of magnesium status and magnesium intake on the blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background & Aims: This study was undertaken to assess magnesium intake and magnesium status in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to identify the parameters that best predict alterations in fasting glucose and plasma magnesium.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 51; 53.6 ± 10.

Magnesium and diabetes mellitus: their relation.

The aim of this review was to elaborate a synthesis about the discussions on magnesium and diabetes mellitus, in the last 14 years. The magnesium deficiency has been associated with chronic diseases, amongst them, diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological studies had shown low levels of magnesium ingestion in the general population, as well as a relation between the ingestion of food rich in magnesium and the reduction of diabetes installation and its complications.