Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and quality of life in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2022.

Objective: To analyze the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVP) and quality of life (QOL).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women receiving care in Primary Health Care in the municipality of Criciúma, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in 2022; QOL was assessed in the physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains using WHOQOL-Bref instrument; IPVP was evaluated by means of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women; Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed.

Results: A total of 389 pregnant women were evaluated; IPVP was observed in 13.

A systematic review of evidence-based interventions for child and adolescent mental health problems in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Treatments for mental health problems in childhood and adolescence have advanced in the last 15 years. Despite advances in research, most of the evidence on effective interventions comes from high-income countries, while evidence is scarce in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 90% of world's children and adolescents live. The aim of this review was to identify evidence-based interventions tested in LMICs to treat or prevent child and adolescent mental health problems.

Inequalities in alcohol consumption and cell phone use while driving motor vehicles.

Objective: To evaluate social inequalities of Brazilians in alcohol consumption and cell phone use while driving motor vehicles.

Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with people who drive (n=23,474) in 2019. The outcomes adopted were cell phone use and alcohol consumption while driving, associated with the variables gender, age group, skin color, education and macro-region of housing and analyzed using the slope index of inequality using logistic regression.

[Inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases: Vigitel, 2019].

This study analyzes the economic, racial, and geographic inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases of Brazilian adults. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the 2019 Vigitel (Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Noncomunicable Diseases Through Telephone Interview). The analyzed risk behaviors were smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, overweight, regular consumption of soft drinks or artificial juice drinks, and non-regular consumption of fruits, legumes, and vegetables.

Regional and social inequalities in mammography and Papanicolaou tests in Brazilian state capitals in 2019: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To assess regional and social inequalities in mammography and Papanicolaou tests.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with data from the 2019 Chronic Disease Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance Telephone Survey (Vigitel). The outcome variables were mammography and cytopathology test.

"Inequalities in access to medicines for diabetes and hypertension across the capitals in different regions of Brazil: a population-based study".

Background: To guarantee prevention and adequate treatment, as required for the population to have access to health services and technologies, including medicines. The purpose of this study is to analyse the economic and regional inequalities in access to medicines for diabetes and hypertension among the adult population in Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with adults aged 18 and over from the VIGITEL study conducted in 2019 in all Brazilian regions.

Association of neurogranin with delirium among critically ill patients.

Neurogranin (Ng) concentrates at dendritic spines. In patients with Alzheimer disease Ng levels are elevated. The role of Ng in delirium development has not been assessed, therefore we hypothesized that Ng levels are associated with delirium in critically ill patients.

Identification of distinct clinical phenotypes in mechanically ventilated patients with acute brain dysfunction using cluster analysis.

Acute brain dysfunction (ABD) is a frequent and severe syndrome occurring in critically ill patients and early identification of high-risk patients is paramount. In the present analysis, we propose a clinically applicable model for early phenotype identification of ABD at the bedside in mechanically ventilated patients, improving the recognition of patients with prolonged ABD.Prospective cohort with 629 mechanically ventilated patients in two medical-surgical intensive care units at academic centers.

Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoantibody Is an Independent Predictor of Hospital Mortality but Not Brain Dysfunction in Septic Patients.

The presence of autoantibodies against neuronal cell surface or synaptic proteins and their relationship to autoimmune encephalitis have recently been characterized. These autoantibodies have been also reported in other pathologic conditions; however, their role during sepsis is not known. This study detected the presence of autoantibodies against neuronal cell surface or synaptic proteins in the serum of septic patients and determined their relationship to the occurrence of brain dysfunction and mortality.

Predicting Long-term Cognitive Dysfunction in Survivors of Critical Illness with Plasma Inflammatory Markers: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Persistent inflammation in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors is associated with higher long-term mortality and poorer mobility. However, it is unknown if inflammatory markers are associated with other dysfunctions observed in survivors of critical illness. Thus, it was investigated if plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 at hospital discharge were associated with long-term functional and cognitive performance after ICU discharge.

Meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging accuracy for diagnosis of oral cancer.

Objective: To establish the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an auxiliary means for the diagnosis of oral cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: An exhaustive search of publications from 1986 to 2016 was performed of Medline, Embase and Cochrane (and related databases), including grey literature. Primary diagnostic accuracy studies that assessed oral cancer (target condition) using MRI (index test) were included.

N-acetylcysteine plus deferoxamine for patients with prolonged hypotension does not decrease acute kidney injury incidence: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: The aim was to test the primary hypothesis that in patients suffering from shock, treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus deferoxamine (DFX) decreases the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in a general intensive care unit in an academic hospital. Patients were included if they had new-onset hypotension, defined as mean arterial blood pressure <60 mmHg or requirement for vasopressor medication.

Biomarkers of Delirium in a Low-Risk Community-Acquired Pneumonia-Induced Sepsis.

There are different theories about the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), and the majority of our knowledge was derived from critically ill patients. 7In less severe sepsis, it is probable that neuroinflammation can be a major aspect of SAE development. We hypothesized that in non-severe septic patients, blood biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial activation, coagulation, and brain function would be different when compared to patients with and without brain dysfunction.

Baseline acetylcholinesterase activity and serotonin plasma levels are not associated with delirium in critically ill patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma serotonin levels or acetylcholinesterase activities determined upon intensive care unit admission could predict the occurrence of acute brain dysfunction in intensive care unit patients.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with a sample of 77 non-consecutive patients observed between May 2009 and September 2010. Delirium was determined using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit tool, and the acetylcholinesterase and serotonin measurements were determined from blood samples collected up to a maximum of 24 h after the admission of the patient to the intensive care unit.

Regulation of lung oxidative damage by endogenous superoxide dismutase in sepsis.

Background: The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lung redox state in an animal model of sepsis.

Methods: Sepsis was induced in rats by the cecal ligation and perforation model (CLP). After 3, 6, and 12 h, CLP protein content and expression of SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 were evaluated, and SOD activity was assessed.

Septic encephalopathy: does inflammation drive the brain crazy?

Sepsis and the multiorgan dysfunction syndrome are among the most common reasons for admission to an intensive care unit, and are a leading cause of death. During sepsis, the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the first organs affected, and this is clinically manifested as sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). It is postulated that the common final pathway that leads to SAE symptoms is the deregulation of neurotransmitters, mainly acetylcholine.

Inflammation biomarkers and delirium in critically ill patients.

Introduction: Delirium is a common occurrence in critically ill patients and is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Septic patients with delirium may differ from a general critically ill population. The aim of this investigation was to study the relationship between systemic inflammation and the development of delirium in septic and non-septic critically ill patients.

Lack of association of S100β and neuron-specific enolase with mortality in critically ill patients.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between brain damage biomarkers and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: The sample comprised 70 patients admitted to an ICU. Blood samples were collected from all patients on ICU admission, and levels of S100β and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were determined by ELISA.

Enteral nutrition discontinuation and outcomes in general critically ill patients.

Objective: To determine the relationship between enteral nutrition discontinuation and outcome in general critically ill patients.

Materials And Methods: All patients admitted to a mixed intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital from May-August 2009 were screened for an indication for enteral nutrition. Patients were followed up until leaving the intensive care unit or a maximum of 28 days.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasma levels are associated with mortality in critically ill patients even in the absence of brain injury.

Introduction: Because of its relevance to the functioning of the central nervous system, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of different neuropsychiatric diseases. Whether the BDNF level can be a marker of brain dysfunction and thus predict mortality in critically ill patients is not known. Thus we aimed to determine whether the plasma levels of BDNF are associated with morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients.

CAM-ICU and ICDSC agreement in medical and surgical ICU patients is influenced by disease severity.

Introduction: Delirium is a prevalent condition in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) associated with worse outcomes. The principal aim of the present study was compare the agreement between two tools for delirium assessment in medical and surgical patients admitted to the ICU.

Methods: Consecutive adult surgical and medical patients admitted to the ICU for more than 24 hours between March 2009 and September 2010 were included.

Hypomagnesemia as a risk factor for the non-recovery of the renal function in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of hypomagnesemia as a risk factor for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and non-recovery of renal function in critically ill patients.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted by collecting data from March to June 2011 in 232 patients who were admitted into an intensive care unit (ICU). Magnesium serum levels were measured daily during ICU stay.

The incidence of delirium in patients pretreated with statins who remain in an intensive care unit after cardiac surgery.

Objective: To determine the association between the preoperative administration of statins and postoperative delirium in a prospective cohort of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods: All adult patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit following cardiac surgery between January and June 2011 were included. Delirium was screened during the postoperative period using the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC).