Implications of size dispersion on X-ray scattering of crystalline nanoparticles: CeO as a case study.

Controlling the shape and size dispersivity and crystallinity of nanoparticles (NPs) has been a challenge in identifying these parameters' role in the physical and chemical properties of NPs. The need for reliable quantitative tools for analyzing the dispersivity and crystallinity of NPs is a considerable problem in optimizing scalable synthesis routes capable of controlling NP properties. The most common tools are electron microscopy (EM) and X-ray scattering techniques.

Defect-Engineered β-MnO Precursors Control the Structure-Property Relationships in High-Voltage Spinel LiMnNiO.

This study examines the role of defects in structure-property relationships in spinel LiMnNiO (LMNO) cathode materials, especially in terms of Mn content, degree of disorder, and impurity phase, without the use of the traditional high-temperature annealing (≥700 °C used for making disordered LMNO). Two different phases of LMNO (i.e.

Memory Effect on a LDH/zeolite A Composite: An XRD In Situ Study.

In this memory effect study, hydrotalcite-type compounds in the lamellar double hydroxide-like (LDH)/zeolite A composite material were analyzed using X-Ray Diffration XRD) in situ experiments. Three samples were analyzed: Al,Mg-LDH, Al,Mg-LDH/ZA composite, and a physical mixture (50/50 wt%) of zeolite A and Al,Mg-LDH. The Al,Mg-LDH sample was treated at 500 °C in an O atmosphere and subsequently rehydrated.

Synchrotron XRD of Bromide Mediated Li-O Battery.

Li-O battery technology offers large theoretical energy density, considered a promising alternative energy storage technology for a variety of applications. One of the main advances made in recent years is the use of soluble catalysts, known as redox mediators (RM), decreasing the charge overpotential and improving cyclability. Despite its potential, much is still unknown regarding its dynamic, especially over higher loading electrodes, where mass transport may be an issue and the interplay with common impurities in the electrolyte, like residual water.

Design of Nickel Supported on Water-Tolerant NbO Catalysts for the Hydrotreating of Lignin Streams Obtained from Lignin-First Biorefining.

In biomass conversion, NbO has attracted increasing attention as a catalyst support presenting water-tolerant Lewis acid sites. Herein, we address the design of Ni/NbO catalysts for hydrotreating of lignin to hydrocarbons. To optimize the balance between acidic and hydrogenating properties, the catalysts were first evaluated in the hydrotreating of diphenyl ether.

Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Anatase as a Bifunctional Catalyst for Enhanced Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose in Water.

Hybrid organic-inorganic anatase (hybrid-TiO ) is prepared by a facile hydrothermal synthesis method employing citric acid. The synthetic approach results in a high surface-area nanocrystalline anatase polymorph of TiO . The uncalcined hybrid-TiO is directly studied as a catalyst for the conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).

Achieving nano-gold stability through rational design.

When Au is subdivided to the nanoscale its reactivity changes from an inert nature to one of incredible reactivity which is not replicated by other catalysts. When dispersed onto metal oxides such as TiO, nano-Au has shown high reactivities for a multitude of reduction and oxidation reactions of industrial importance with potential and current uses such as, CO oxidation, NO reduction, purification of hydrogen for fuel cells, water gas shift reactions, abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) as well as pollution and emission control systems such as autocatalysts. However, many industrially important reactions and applications operate under harsh conditions where the catalyst is exposed to high temperatures and further needs to operate for extended periods of time.