Biocatalytic esterification of fatty acids using a low-cost fermented solid from solid-state fermentation with .

This study aimed to evaluate the use of a lyophilized fermented solid (named solid enzymatic preparation, SEP), with lipase activity, as a low-cost biocatalyst for esterification reactions of fatty acids present in acid raw materials for biodiesel synthesis. The SEP was obtained by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of soybean bran using the strain of IMUFRJ 50682 and contains the lipases secreted by this yeast. The esterification reaction of ethanol and the predominant fatty acids present in different acid oil sources for biodiesel production (oleic, linoleic, stearic and palmitic acids) was investigated.

Kinetic modeling and equilibrium studies during cadmium biosorption by dead Sargassum sp. biomass.

A basic investigation on the removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solutions by dead Sargassum sp. was conducted in batch conditions. The influence of different experimental parameters; initial pH, shaking rate, sorption time, temperature and initial concentrations of cadmium ions on cadmium uptake was evaluated.