Pathophysiological relationships between cognitive deficit in bipolar affective disorder and metabolic syndrome.

Introduction And Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) has been related to various cognitive dysfunctions as well as to a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), which seems to influence the cognitive performance of patients with BD. Therefore, different hypotheses have been generated to try to explain the pathophysiological relationship between cognitive deficit in BD and MS. The objective was to review the current literature regarding the possible pathophysiological explanation of the relationship between BD and MS and its effect on cognitive performance of patients with BD.

Geospatial investigations in Colombia reveal variations in the distribution of mood and psychotic disorders.

Background: Geographical variations in mood and psychotic disorders have been found in upper-income countries. We looked for geographic variation in these disorders in Colombia, a middle-income country. We analyzed electronic health records from the Clínica San Juan de Dios Manizales (CSJDM), which provides comprehensive mental healthcare for the one million inhabitants of Caldas.

Is structural connectivity different in child and adolescent relatives of patients with bipolar disorder? A narrative review according to studies with DTI.

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with a decrease in white matter integrity. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have enabled these changes to be elucidated with higher quality. Due to BD's high heritability, some studies have been conducted in relatives of BD patients looking at white matter integrity, and have found that structural connectivity may also be affected.

The enduring gap in educational attainment in schizophrenia according to the past 50 years of published research: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Educational attainment is associated with wellbeing and health, but patients with schizophrenia achieve lower levels of education than people without. Several effective interventions can ameliorate this situation. However, the magnitude of the education gap in schizophrenia and its change over time are unclear.

Correlation between cognitive performance and structural neuroanatomy in patients with type I bipolar affective disorder treated with and without lithium.

Introduction: Lithium treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with less cognitive impairment and fewer changes in structural brain anatomy compared to other treatments. However, the studies are heterogeneous and few assess whether these effects are related. The objective of this study was to evaluate and relate cognitive performance and structural neuroanatomy in patients treated with and without lithium.

Gender, age and geographical representation over the past 50 years of schizophrenia research.

Previous studies have suggested that subjects participating in schizophrenia research are not representative of the demographics of the global population of people with schizophrenia, particularly in terms of gender and geographical location. We here explored if this has evolved throughout the decades, examining changes in geographical location, gender and age of participants in studies of schizophrenia published in the last 50 years. We examined this using a meta-analytical approach on an existing database including over 3,000 studies collated for another project.

Is Structural Connectivity Different in Child and Adolescent Relatives of Patients with Bipolar Disorder? A Narrative Review According to Studies with DTI.

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with a decrease in white matter integrity. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have enabled these changes to be elucidated with higher quality. Due to BD's high heritability, some studies have been conducted in relatives of BD patients looking at white matter integrity, and have found that structural connectivity may also be affected.

Correlation Between Cognitive Performance and Structural Neuroanatomy in Patients with Type I Bipolar Affective Disorder Treated with and Without Lithium.

Introduction: Lithium treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with less cognitive impairment and fewer changes in structural brain anatomy compared to other treatments. However, the studies are heterogeneous and few assess whether these effects are related. The objective of this study was to evaluate and relate cognitive performance and structural neuroanatomy in patients treated with and without lithium.

What we learn about bipolar disorder from large-scale neuroimaging: Findings and future directions from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group.

MRI-derived brain measures offer a link between genes, the environment and behavior and have been widely studied in bipolar disorder (BD). However, many neuroimaging studies of BD have been underpowered, leading to varied results and uncertainty regarding effects. The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Bipolar Disorder Working Group was formed in 2012 to empower discoveries, generate consensus findings and inform future hypothesis-driven studies of BD.

Rostral Middle Frontal Volumetric Differences in Bipolar Offspring versus Community Controls Offspring.

Neuroanatomical findings in the anterior limbic network in bipolar disorder (BD) adults have not been replicated in other populations such as bipolar offspring (BO). The aim of this study was to compare some brain areas volumes between BO with and without a lifetime affective disorder (AD) to a group of community control offspring (CCO). Methods: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was carried out, with multiple comparison groups.

Distinct and shared contributions of diagnosis and symptom domains to cognitive performance in severe mental illness in the Paisa population: a case-control study.

Background: Severe mental illness diagnoses have overlapping symptomatology and shared genetic risk, motivating cross-diagnostic investigations of disease-relevant quantitative measures. We analysed relationships between neurocognitive performance, symptom domains, and diagnoses in a large sample of people with severe mental illness not ascertained for a specific diagnosis (cases), and people without mental illness (controls) from a single, homogeneous population.

Methods: In this case-control study, cases with severe mental illness were ascertained through electronic medical records at Clínica San Juan de Dios de Manizales (Manizales, Caldas, Colombia) and the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación (Medellín, Antioquía, Colombia).

[Lifetime Psychiatric Disorders: a Comparision Study Between Offspring of Parents With Bipolar Disorder Type-I Versus the Offspring of Community Controls Parents].

Introduction: Literature reports show that Bipolar Offspring (BO) present with a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Comparison between BO and Control Parent Offspring (CPO) may help to identify which psychopathological findings are specific to this high-risk group.

Objective: To compare the psychopathological characteristics between a group of BO type-I and a group of CPO, by identifying the presence of psychiatric disorders according the DSM-IV-TR.

[Electrocardiographic abnormalities in anorexia nervosa: a critical review of the literature].

Background: Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death are frequent causes of mortality, which makes electrocardiographic monitoring indispensable in these patients. There are many suggestive findings but results are contradictory, making a critical review of the scientific literature is necessary.

Methods: The most relevant studies on electrocardiographic (EKG) changes in patients with AN, found in PubMed from 1974 to February 2014, were reviewed using the MeSH terms: eating disorders, nervosa anorexia, sinus bradycardia, QT prolongation, QT dispersion, electrocardiography, EKG, and electrocardiogram.