Potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and spermatogonial stem cells for survival and colonization in bull recipient testes after allogenic transplantation.

Stem cell transplantation into seminiferous tubules of recipient testis could become a tool for fertility restoration, genetic improvement, or conservation of endangered species. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are primary candidates for transplantation; however, limited abundance, complexity for isolation and culture, and lack of specific markers have limited their use. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that are simple to isolate and culture and possess specific markers for identification, and immune evasive and migratory capacities.

Effect of Melatonin on Chemoresistance Exhibited by Spheres Derived from Canine Mammary Carcinoma Cells.

Mammary cancer is a frequent disease in female dogs, where a high proportion of cases correspond to malignant tumors that may exhibit drug resistance. Within the mammary tumor microenvironment, there is a cell subpopulation called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are capable of forming spheres in vitro and resisting anti-tumor treatments, partly explaining the recurrence of some tumors. Previously, it has been described that spheres derived from canine mammary carcinoma cells CF41.

Lack of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica, Early 2023.

In January 2023, an active surveillance initiative was undertaken in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, with the specific objective of ascertaining evidence for the presence of avian influenza, and specifically the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 (HPAIV H5N1). The investigation encompassed diverse locations, including Hanna Point (Livingston Island), Lions Rump (King George Island), and Base Escudero (King George Island), with targeted observations on marine mammals (southern elephant seals), flying birds (the kelp gull, snowy sheathbill and brown skua), and penguins (the chinstrap penguin and gentoo penguin). The study encompassed the examination of these sites for signs of mass mortality events possibly attributable to HPAIV H5N1, as well as sampling for influenza detection by means of real-time RT-PCR.

Bovine Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (PB-MSCs) and Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) Display Contrasting Expression Patterns of Pluripotency and Germ Cell Markers under the Effect of Sertoli Cell Conditioned Medium.

In vitro gamete derivation has been proposed as an interesting strategy for treatment of infertility, improvement of genetic traits, and conservation of endangered animals. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are primary candidates for in vitro gamete derivation; however, recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also been proposed as candidates for germ cell (GCs) differentiation mainly due to their transdifferentiating capacity. The objective of the present study was to compare the potential for GC differentiation of bovine peripheral blood-derived MSCs (PB-MSCs) and SSCs under the effect of conditioned medium (CM) derived from Sertoli cells (SCs/CM).

Pathological Characterization and Risk Factors of Splenic Nodular Lesions in Dogs ().

In dogs, the spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ that can be affected by both neoplastic and non-neoplastic nodules. In general, few studies relate histopathological diagnosis to tumor size and the number of nodules in spleen biopsies. Some of these studies are inconclusive regarding the difference between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions and have small sample sizes or do not consider all splenic lesions.

Bovine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells self-assemble with testicular cells and integrates and modifies the structure of a testicular organoids.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) display self-renewal and mesodermal differentiation potentials. These characteristics make them potentially useful for in vitro derivation of gametes, which may constitute experimental therapies for human and animal reproduction. Organoids provide a spatial support and may simulate a cellular niche for in vitro studies.

Mind the Curve: Dose-Response Fitting Biases the Synergy Scores across Software Used for Chemotherapy Combination Studies.

Drug combinations are increasingly studied in the field of anticancer agents. Mathematical models, such as Loewe, Bliss, and HSA, are used to interpret drug combinations, while informatics tools help cancer researchers identify the most effective combinations. However, the different algorithms each software uses lead to results that do not always correlate.

Comparative Analysis of the Potential for Germ Cell (GC) Differentiation of Bovine Peripheral Blood Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (PB-MSC) and Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC) in Co-Culture System with Sertoli Cells (SC).

Although spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) constitute primary candidates for in vitro germ cell (GC) derivation, they are scarce and difficult to maintain in an undifferentiated state. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are also candidates for GC derivation due to their simplicity for culture and multipotential for transdifferentiation. The aim of the present study was to compare the GC differentiation potentials of bull peripheral blood-derived MSC (PB-MSC) and SSC using an in vitro 3D co-culture system with Sertoli cells (SC).

Generation and Characterization of Bovine Testicular Organoids Derived from Primary Somatic Cell Populations.

Organoids are 3D-culture systems composed of tissue-specific primary cells that self-organize and self-renew, creating structures similar to those of their tissue of origin. Testicular organoids (TOs) may recreate conditions of the testicular niche in domestic and wild cattle; however, no previous TO studies have been reported in the bovine species. Thus, in the present study, we sought to generate and characterize bovine TOs derived from primary testicular cell populations including Leydig, Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells.

Overexpression of DAZL, STRA8, and BOULE Genes and Treatment With BMP4 or Retinoic Acid Modulate the Expression of MSC Overexpressing Germ Cell Genes.

gamete derivation from stem cells has potential applications in animal reproduction as an alternative method for the dissemination of elite animal genetics, production of transgenic animals, and conservation of endangered species. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be suitable candidates for gamete derivation considering their differentiative capacity and their potential for cell therapy. Due to its relevance in gametogenesis, it has been reported that retinoic acid (RA) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 are able to upregulate the expression of specific markers associated to the early stages of germ cell (GCs) differentiation in bovine fetal MSCs (bfMSCs).

Hormonal Carcinogenesis in Canine Mammary Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms of Estradiol Involved in Malignant Progression.

Mammary cancer is a frequent neoplasia in female dogs, in which most important risk factors are hormonal. Sexual hormones as estradiol play an important role in mammary carcinogenesis, being able to induce carcinogenic initiation, promotion and progression. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are incompletely understood.

Recurrent horizontal transfer identifies mitochondrial positive selection in a transmissible cancer.

Autonomous replication and segregation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) creates the potential for evolutionary conflict driven by emergence of haplotypes under positive selection for 'selfish' traits, such as replicative advantage. However, few cases of this phenomenon arising within natural populations have been described. Here, we survey the frequency of mtDNA horizontal transfer within the canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT), a contagious cancer clone that occasionally acquires mtDNA from its hosts.

Melatonin decreases in vitro viability and migration of spheres derived from CF41.Mg canine mammary carcinoma cells.

Background: Mammary cancer is a common disease affecting female dogs, where approximately 50% of the cases are malignant. There is a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell-like features within the tumour microenvironment, which can form in vitro spheres, cell structures that grow in anchor-free conditions. This cell population shows resistance to conventional antitumor treatments explaining in part the recurrence of some type of cancers.

Oral masses in African pygmy hedgehogs.

African pygmy hedgehogs () frequently develop oral neoplasms, and most of these neoplasms are malignant. We characterized oral masses detected in hedgehogs at clinical examination. During a 1-y period, we diagnosed oral cavity masses in 27 privately owned hedgehogs; 16 were female and 11 were male, with ages of 2-7 y (mean: 4.

Bovine fetal mesenchymal stem cells exert antiproliferative effect against mastitis causing pathogen Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated pathogen from clinical bovine mastitis samples and a difficult pathogen to combat. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent progenitor cells equipped with a variety of factors that inhibit bacterial growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial potential against S.

Immunomodulatory and immunogenic properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bovine fetal bone marrow and adipose tissue.

Little information is currently available on therapeutic features of bovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), despite the development of large animal experimental models including cattle may open alternative strategies for investigating MSC physiology and eventual applications for regenerative therapy. The aim of the present study was to compare in vitro immunomodulatory and immunogenic potentials of bovine fetal MSCs (bfMSCs) derived from bovine fetal bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (AT-MSCs). Immunomodulatory analyses in bfMSCs were performed by determination of the effect of interferon-γ (IFNγ) on mRNA levels of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2), interleukin-6 and -10 (IL-6 and IL-10), and IDO enzymatic activity.

Meloxicam decreases the migration and invasion of CF41.Mg canine mammary carcinoma cells.

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression is positively correlated with malignant features in canine mammary carcinomas. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit COX activity and may therefore possess anticancer effects. Meloxicam is an NSAID that is widely used in human and veterinary medicine.

Myogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Fetal Bovine Bone Marrow.

The myogenic potential of bovine fetal MSC (bfMSC) derived from bone marrow (BM) remains unknown; despite its potential application for the study of myogenesis and its implications for livestock production. In the present study, three protocols for in vitro myogenic differentiation of bfMSC based on the use of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), myoblast-secreted factor Galectin-1 (Gal-1), and myoblast culture medium SkGM-2 BulletKit were used. Plastic-adherent bfMSC were isolated from fetal BM collected from abattoir-derived fetuses.

Simvastatin exhibits antiproliferative effects on spheres derived from canine mammary carcinoma cells.

Mammary cancer is the most frequent type of tumor in the female canine. Treatments are mainly limited to surgery and chemotherapy; however, these tumors may develop clinical recurrence, metastasis and chemoresistance. The existence of a subpopulation of cancer cells with stemness features called cancer stem-like cells, may explain in part these characteristics of tumor progression.

Endometrial expression of selected transcripts in postpartum of primiparous Holstein cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis.

Postpartum endometritis compromises milk production and fertility in high-producing dairy cows. Infection of the endometrium induces an inflammatory response with secretion of cytokines that lead to polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) influx and bacterial clearance. Considering that only a portion of cows with endometritis is eligible for clinical diagnosis, there is an increasing effort for developing reliable tools and protocols for diagnosis of subclinical endometritis.

27-hydroxycholesterol and the expression of three estrogen-sensitive proteins in MCF7 cells.

The principal aim of this study was to analyze in estrogen receptor-positive MCF7 cells the response of three estrogen-dependent proteins to 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHC), a major circulating cholesterol metabolite. Immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and immunogold labelling analyses of MCF7 cells exposed for up to 72 h to 2 nM estradiol (E2) or to 2 µM 27OHC demonstrated similar responses in the expression of MnSOD and ERβ compared to the non-stimulated cells. Thus, the results confirm 27OHC's function as a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).

27-hydroxycholesterol induces the transition of MCF7 cells into a mesenchymal phenotype.

A decrease in the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin, paralleling the loss of adherens junction complex, was observed in MCF7 cells exposed for longer than 48 h to 2 µM 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHC), indicating an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Upon removal of 27OHC from the culture medium, the cells released by the exposure of 72 h to the oxysterol grew as loosely packed cell groups. In these cells, accumulation of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the cytoplasm and the prolonged expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (EGFR2/neu) in the plasma membrane were observed, suggesting that the acquired phenotype was related to the expression of this tyrosine kinase-growth factor receptor.

A cyclized peptide derived from alpha fetoprotein inhibits the proliferation of ER-positive canine mammary cancer cells.

The effects of estradiol (E2) and of an AFP-derived cyclized peptide (cP) on the proliferation of primary cultures of cancer cells isolated from spontaneous canine mammary tumors were studied. The cellular response to E2 and cP was related to the expression of estradiol receptor (isoforms alpha and beta). In ER-positive cells, 2 nM estradiol increased cell proliferation and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2; 2 microg/ml cP inhibited all these effects.