Climate rather than geography separates two European honeybee subspecies.

Both climatic and geographical factors play an important role for the biogeographical distribution of species. The Carpathian mountain ridge has been suggested as a natural geographical divide between the two honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera carnica and A. m.

Seasonal changes of buffalo colostrum: physicochemical parameters, fatty acids and cholesterol variation.

Background: Colostrum has many beneficial effects on newborns due to its main compounds (proteins, fats, lactose, essential fatty acids, amino acids) as well as protective antibodies that confer to the body. The buffaloes are the second important species for milk production in the world after cows. The importance of the species is also conferred by a longer longevity, high dry content of milk and a strong organic resistance when compared with cows.

Implementation of an iPhone as a wireless accelerometer for quantifying gait characteristics.

The capacity to quantify and evaluate gait beyond the general confines of a clinical environment under effectively autonomous conditions may alleviate rampant strain on limited and highly specialized medical resources. An iPhone consists of a three dimensional accelerometer subsystem with highly robust and scalable software applications. With the synthesis of the integral iPhone features, an iPhone application, which constitutes a wireless accelerometer system for gait quantification and analysis, has been tested and evaluated in an autonomous environment.

Implementation of an iPhone for characterizing Parkinson's disease tremor through a wireless accelerometer application.

Parkinson's disease represents a chronic movement disorder, which is generally proportionally to age. The status of Parkinson's disease is traditionally classified through ordinal scale strategies, such as the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. However, the application of the ordinal scale strategy inherently requires highly specialized and limited medical resources for interpretation.

Wireless accelerometer reflex quantification system characterizing response and latency.

The evaluation of the deep tendon reflex is a standard aspect of a neurological evaluation, which is frequently evoked through the patellar tendon reflex. Important features of the reflex are response and latency, providing insight to status for peripheral neuropathy and upper motor neuron syndrome. A wireless accelerometer reflex quantification system has been developed, tested, and evaluated.

Virtual proprioception with real-time step detection and processing.

Virtual proprioception is a novel device for providing near autonomous biofeedback of hemiparetic gait disparity in real time. With virtual proprioception a user may modify gait dynamics to develop a more suitable gait in tandem with real time feedback. Accelerometers are fundamental to the operation of the device, and a thorough consideration of the accelerometry technology space for locomotion quantification is included.

Med-type GATA factors and the evolution of mesendoderm specification in nematodes.

In the nematode, C. elegans, the divergent GATA-type transcription factors MED-1 and MED-2 are encoded by an unlinked, redundant pair of intronless genes. The med-1,2 genes are among the first to be activated in the embryo and are critical for the specification of the 7-cell stage MS (mesoderm) and E (endoderm) precursor cells.