Incidence and risk factors of chronic opioid use after sleep apnea surgery.

Study Objectives: To assess the incidence and risk factors of chronic opioid use after obstructive sleep apnea surgery.

Methods: Using IBM MarketScan research database, adults (>18 years) who underwent a variety of sleep surgery procedures between 2007 and 2015 were identified. Individuals with 1 year of insurance coverage before and after the surgical procedure were included.

Cleft Rhinoplasty.

An understanding of anatomy and pathophysiology of the cleft nasal deformity is crucial to its management, including selection of correct surgical techniques for repair. Timing of intermediate and definitive rhinoplasty should be considered carefully, with definitive rhinoplasty occurring after management of facial skeletal deformities. At the time of definitive rhinoplasty, the septum, external and internal nasal valves, alar base malposition (and corresponding bony deficiency), and position and shape of the lower lateral cartilage and the columella all must be individually considered.

Anatomic Trends and Directions in Periorbital Aesthetic Surgery.

The anatomy of the eyelids and periorbital region is delicate. The individual anatomic variations determine each person's eyelid appearance and function. It is essential that every surgeon that evaluates and treats the aesthetic conditions of patients desiring periorbital enhancement understands the association of anatomy and diagnosis.

Comparison of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Rates and 30-Day Postoperative Complications Between Patients With and Without Psychiatric Diagnoses.

Background: Psychiatric comorbidity is associated with greater 30-day postoperative complication rates in various surgical specialties, but is not well characterized for reconstructive plastic surgery.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare reconstructive plastic surgery rates and 30-day postoperative complications between patients with and without psychiatric diagnoses.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study comparing patients with and without psychiatric diagnoses.

Correlation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey With Psychiatric Screening Tools.

Background: Identifying mental health disorders, including body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), is important prior to rhinoplasty surgery; however, these disorders are underdiagnosed, and screening tools are underutilized in clinical settings.

Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate the correlation of a rhinoplasty outcomes tool (Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey [SCHNOS]) with psychiatric screening tools.

Methods: Patients presenting for rhinoplasty consultation were prospectively enrolled and administered mental health instruments to assess depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), and BDD (BDD Questionnaire-Aesthetic Surgery [BDDQ-AS]) as well as the SCHNOS rhinoplasty outcomes scale.

Postoperative Antibiotic Use Among Patients Undergoing Functional Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Importance: Best practices for antibiotic use after facial plastic and reconstructive procedures have been the subject of much debate, and there is a need for large-scale data to guide further development of evidence-based guidelines for antibiotic use in this setting.

Objective: To assess patterns of postoperative antibiotic prescriptions and infection rates after nasal and oculoplastic procedures.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental research databases of 294 039 patients who underwent facial plastic surgery procedures between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015.

Assessment of Persistent and Prolonged Postoperative Opioid Use Among Patients Undergoing Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Importance: Although the development of persistent opioid use after surgical procedures has garnered much attention in recent years, large-scale studies characterizing patterns of persistent opioid use among patients undergoing plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures are lacking.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of immediate and long-term postoperative opioid use after plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this population-based cohort study, patients who underwent 5 classes of plastic and reconstructive procedures (nasal, eye, breast, abdomen, and soft tissue reconstruction) between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, were identified using IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental research databases.

Relationship of Sociodemographic Factors and Outcomes in Functional Rhinoplasty.

The objective of this article was to compare the effect of such sociodemographic factors as gender, age, marital status, employment status, race, and income on short- and long-term rhinoplasty outcomes using a validated disease-specific instrument-Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, as well as complication and revision rates. Patients who underwent a functional (+/- cosmetic) rhinoplasty with the senior author between January, 1 2012, and September 9, 2017, and had both a preoperative and at least one postoperative NOSE score, were included in the study. Sociodemographic variables of binary gender, age, marital status, employment status, race, and income based on zip code were collected.

Comparison of Primary and Secondary Anterior Septal Reconstruction: A Cohort Study.

This article compares outcomes in patients presenting for either primary or secondary (revision) anterior septal reconstruction (ASR) to treat caudal septal deviation. Patients undergoing ASR by senior author (S. P.

Health Outcome Studies in Skin Cancer Surgery.

As cutaneous cancers are the most common malignancies affecting US citizens, they represent a significant public health problem and health care cost burden. There are a variety of treatment options available to manage cutaneous malignancies, but limited data are available regarding outcomes, including quality of life, recurrence, and mortality. Here, we examine outcomes of skin cancer surgery as they relate to sociodemographic data and treatment factors.

Bilirubin-Induced Audiologic Injury in Preterm Infants.

Although hyperbilirubinemia is extremely common among neonates and is usually mild and transient, it sometimes leads to bilirubin-induced neurologic damage (BIND). The auditory pathway is highly sensitive to the effects of elevated total serum/plasma bilirubin (TB) levels, with damage manifesting clinically as auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. Compared to full-term neonates, preterm neonates are more susceptible to BIND and suffer adverse effects at lower TB levels with worse long-term outcomes.

Cortical Activation Patterns Correlate with Speech Understanding After Cochlear Implantation.

Objectives: Cochlear implants are a standard therapy for deafness, yet the ability of implanted patients to understand speech varies widely. To better understand this variability in outcomes, the authors used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to image activity within regions of the auditory cortex and compare the results to behavioral measures of speech perception.

Design: The authors studied 32 deaf adults hearing through cochlear implants and 35 normal-hearing controls.

Quantification of maxillary sinus accessibility via a middle meatal antrostomy.

Objective: To quantify maxillary sinus volume and mucosal surface area (SA) that is accessible endoscopically via a middle meatal antrostomy and to explore the financial implications of using multiple disposable instruments for this procedure.

Methods: Eight cadaver maxillary sinuses configured with image guidance software were evaluated. In each sinus, a standard middle meatal antrostomy was created, through which curved microdebriders of 15, 40, 70, and 120° were placed.

Audiologic impairment associated with bilirubin-induced neurologic damage.

Hyperbilirubinemia occurs commonly in neonates and is usually mild and transient, with no long-lasting sequelae. However, bilirubin-induced neurologic damage may occur in some infants. The auditory pathway is the most sensitive part of the central nervous system to bilirubin-induced toxicity, and permanent sequelae may result from only moderately elevated total serum/plasma bilirubin levels.

Auditory cortex activation to natural speech and simulated cochlear implant speech measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

The primary goal of most cochlear implant procedures is to improve a patient's ability to discriminate speech. To accomplish this, cochlear implants are programmed so as to maximize speech understanding. However, programming a cochlear implant can be an iterative, labor-intensive process that takes place over months.