The Role of Personality, Self-Disclosure, and Envy in Maladaptive Social Media Engagement.

Through online social networks (OSNs), individuals establish and maintain social connections to satisfy their need to belong. Recent research suggests that taken too far, one's need to belong can increase envy and lead to maladaptive social media behavior aligned with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study examines the role of two personality traits, one's intrinsic need to belong and trait reactance, on feelings of envy and the self-disclosure processes that lead to OCD on social networks.

Development and testing of a tool to measure the organizational safety climate aboard US Navy ships.

Introduction: Safety climate is a critical human factor that can increase safety-related behaviors and reduce accidents. This research reports on a three-phase program of development and validation of a safety climate survey tool initiated by U.S.

The Cultivation of Parent and Child Materialism: A Parent-Child Dyadic Study.

Research has shown that television viewing cultivates a materialistic worldview in children. However, other socialization factors may also influence children's materialism. The current research tests two socialization pathways of parental influence: (a) an indirect path in which parents pass on their own materialism to their children, and the parent's materialism is at least partly the result of a parent cultivation effect (parent cultivation); (b) an indirect path in which parents pass on their television viewing behavior to their children, which in turn positively predicts the children's level of materialism (child cultivation).

Reducing Television Influences on US Adolescents Who are High Reactance.

Watching a lot of television (TV), where alcohol consumption is depicted frequently and mostly positively, can enhance teens' drinking intentions. This influence is particularly problematic among high-reactance teens (that is, those with a predisposition to resist adult control). This study documents one strategy parents can use to counteract TV influences: parental presence during the TV viewing experience (co-viewing).

Actions Speak Louder than Words: How Characters' Effectiveness as Message Sources Depend on Their Story Experiences.

A television (TV) character's actions and the consequences of these actions in TV storylines can shape the audience's own behavioral intentions, especially if the audience identifies with that character. The current research examines how storylines depicting positive versus negative consequences of drinking affect youths' drinking intentions, and whether post-narrative intervention messages delivered by story characters alter these influences. Results indicate that a post-narrative intervention can correct drinking intentions shaped by a pro-alcohol storyline, but the effectiveness depends on the source: a peripheral character is more effective than the main character at delivering a corrective message.

Empowerment Through Participation in a Cancer Prevention Exhibit: Evidence from the Hygée Lab Intervention.

While many countries have launched cancer prevention initiatives to improve the public's understanding of risk and protective factors, few are systematically evaluated. Hygée Lab, a living lab in a socioeconomically deprived area of France, is designed to interactively communicate evidence-based information about cancer prevention and treatment with the goal to improve visitors' understanding of cancer risk and prevention factors, reduce fatalism in regard to cancer, and increase feelings of empowerment. Pre- and post-visit data were collected during the first 18 months of the exhibit's opening from two segments of the population: adolescents from local schools (N = 134) and the general public (N = 112).

The evolution of mental health outcomes across a combat deployment cycle: A longitudinal study of the Guam Army National Guard.

In the United States, National Guard soldiers have been called upon at unprecedented rates since 2001 to supplement active duty military forces. Frequent military deployments generate many occupational and environmental stressors for these citizen-soldiers, from serving in a dangerous zone to being away from family and home for long periods of time. Whereas there is a substantial amount of research focused on deployment-related health outcomes in relation to active duty (i.

The stress bias in mental health reporting: Death anxiety biases mental health self-assessments amongst deployed soldiers.

This study examined whether posing questions that create a stress state in respondents biases subsequent reporting of mental health (MH) symptomology. For instance, questions related to trauma exposure may activate thoughts about death (facing it, surviving it, being afraid of it), and these death anxieties can influence assessments of one's health and thus bias self-reports of MH measured in the same questionnaire context. A controlled randomized experiment was conducted as part of a longitudinal study of U.

Body Composition and Physical Fitness Tests Among US Army Soldiers: A Comparison of the Active and Reserve Components.

Objectives: US Army reserve soldiers and active-duty soldiers differ in their daily work demands and supporting resources, yet research on reservists' health and fitness is lacking. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether physical test failure rates and health behaviors differed between active-duty soldiers and reserve soldiers and (2) establish which demographic and health behavioral factors were associated with failing physical tests.

Methods: We analyzed a sample of 239 329 US Army active-duty and reserve soldiers surveyed from September 2013 through March 2015 using the Global Assessment Tool.

To what extent is psychological resilience protective or ameliorative: Exploring the effects of deployment on the mental health of combat medics.

Exposure to a major traumatic stressor increases the odds of negative mental health and maladaptive behavioral outcomes not only for victims but also for 1st responders and health care professionals who are exposed to the aftermath. This study investigates the extent to which psychological resilience acts as either a Protective (i.e.

It's not just showing up: How social identification with a veterans service organization relates to benefit-finding and social isolation among veterans.

Social identity theory suggests that the degree to which people identity with an organizational group can have multiple beneficial outcomes. This research focuses on how membership in and engagement with a Veterans Service Organization (VSO) relate to veterans' social isolation and perceptions that military service was beneficial to society, ultimately leading to improved veterans' health. Data from an online survey of 444 military veterans show that physical attendance and the degree to which veterans identify identification with the VSO play different roles in improving veterans' lives.

Sensation seeking moderates television's cultivation of alcohol and tobacco beliefs: Evidence from a national study of French adolescents.

Background: Television (TV) is a key socialization agent, especially amongst youth. According to cultivation theory, youth heavily exposed to TV content, where positive images of smoking and drinking abound, should hold more positive beliefs concerning drinking and smoking outcomes. This research investigates the role of the sensation-seeking personality trait in moderating this TV cultivation effect.

To brand or not to brand a product placement? Evidence from a field study of two influence mechanisms of positive portrayals of alcohol in film.

Introduction And Aims: We propose that branded and non-branded product placements in movies are interpreted differently and that a movie with unbranded alcohol portrayals influences audiences' alcohol-related beliefs and choices indirectly, through the process of narrative transportation, whereas a movie with branded alcohol placements impacts audiences' alcohol beliefs and choices via a more basic social-cognitive process of influence.

Design And Methods: Ordinary moviegoers (N = 758) attended a showing of The Snows of Kilimanjaro (2011) in a popular theatre in Tacna, Peru. Subjects were randomly assigned to watch the original movie, with branded alcohol portrayals, or a brand-free, control version.

Eye-Tracking Evidence that Happy Faces Impair Verbal Message Comprehension: The Case of Health Warnings in Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Television Commercials.

Risk warning or disclosure information in advertising is only effective in correcting consumers' judgments if enough cognitive capacity is available to process that information. Hence, comprehension of verbal warnings in TV commercials may suffer if accompanied by positive visual elements. This research addresses this concern about cross-modality interference in the context of direct-to-consumer (DTC) pharmaceutical commercials in the United States by experimentally testing whether positive facial expressions reduce consumers' understanding of the mandated health warning.

Narrative approach in understanding the drivers for resilience of military combat medics.

Introduction: Qualitative insights may demonstrate how combat medics (CM) deal with stressors and identify how resilience can potentially develop. Yet, qualitative research is scant in comparison to the many quantitative studies of health outcomes associated with military service.

Method: Semistructured qualitative interviews were used to collect personal narratives of US Army CMs who had previously served in Iraq or Afghanistan.

Impact of Substance Messages in Music Videos on Youth: Beware the Influence of Connectedness and Its Potential Prevention-Shielding Effect.

Objective: Two studies were conducted to investigate the role of connectedness with music videos in affecting youths' beliefs about substances (alcohol and tobacco) embedded therein and the potential for a prevention message to limit the impact of these images.

Method: The first study used cross-sectional data from a national sample of 1,023 adolescents (54.3% male) to evaluate the relationship between youths' consumption of music videos and their beliefs about the consequences of consuming alcohol and tobacco.

Alcohol Storylines in Television Episodes: The Preventive Effect of Countering Epilogues.

This experimental study assessed whether alcohol television storylines impact youth drinking attitudes and intentions and whether corrective epilogues can potentially moderate this impact. Television episodes were professionally produced to depict heavy drinking leading to either positive or negative consequences. The pro- and anti-alcohol episodes were shown alone or with an epilogue where a main character discussed the deleterious effects of excessive drinking.

Domestic Civil Support Missions Can Aggravate Negative Mental Health Outcomes Among National Guardsmen: The Moderating Role of Economic Difficulties.

Little research has addressed potentially negative health outcomes associated with domestic civil-oriented operations, but has focused instead on traditional military operations (e.g., combat).

The role of television viewing and direct experience in predicting adolescents' beliefs about the health risks of fast-food consumption.

Background: Fast-food advertising abounds on television (TV), and programs targeting youth often display fast-food consumption but rarely with any negative consequences. Cultivation research maintains that cumulative exposure to TV influences audiences' views of and beliefs about the real world. Thus, the amount of TV adolescents watch is likely to bias their views of the consequences of eating fast food.

Changes in alcohol use after traumatic experiences: the impact of combat on Army National Guardsmen.

Objective: This research documents the impact of combat experiences on alcohol use and misuse among National Guard soldiers. Whereas much research regarding combat personnel is based on post-experience data, this study's design uses both pre- and post-deployment data to identify the association between different types of combat experiences and changes in substance use and misuse.

Method: A National Guard Infantry Brigade Combat Team was surveyed before and after its deployment to Iraq in 2005-2006.

Television's Cultivation of American Adolescents' Beliefs about Alcohol and the Moderating Role of Trait Reactance.

Cultivation research has shown that heavy television viewing is linked to audiences' generalized, and often skewed, views of reality. This research investigates whether television viewing is related to adolescents' views about the consequences of drinking and whether psychological trait reactance moderates this cultivation effect. Results from a survey of 445 American teenagers show that cumulative exposure to television is linked to reduced beliefs about alcohol's negative consequences and greater intentions to drink.

Guilty by stereotypic association: Country animosity and brand prejudice and discrimination.

This research tests the proposition that brands suffer prejudice and discrimination due to animosity toward a country with which they have a strong stereotypic association. In the first study, attitudinal data collected across a range of brands that vary in terms of the strength of the brand-country association indicate that brands with strong stereotypic association with a country suffer direct prejudice, in the form of more negative attitudes, related to animosity. When the brand-country association is less strong, the relationship between animosity and brand attitudes is moderated by the strength of the stereotypic association.

Nature and Impact of Alcohol Messages in a Youth-Oriented Television Series.

This research contributes to the extant literature on television influence by pairing a stimulus-side approach documenting how information is presented within a TV series with a response-side assessment of whether connectedness and exposure to a series influence the processing of that information differently depending on its format. The inquiry focuses on the nature and impact of messages about alcohol contained within a youth oriented TV program. The findings indicate that the recall and perception of the more overt negative messages increase with exposure and that receptiveness to the subtle and less remembered positive messages increases with levels of program connectedness.

Alcohol Messages in Prime-Time Television Series.

Alcohol messages contained in television programming serve as sources of information about drinking. To better understand the ways embedded messages about alcohol are communicated, it is crucial to objectively monitor and analyze television alcohol depictions. This article presents a content analysis of an eight-week sample of eighteen prime-time programs.

Embedded alcohol messages in television series: the interactive effect of warnings and audience connectedness on viewers' alcohol beliefs.

Objective: This research investigates whether warning viewers about the presence of embedded messages in the content of a television episode affects viewers' drinking beliefs and whether audience connectedness moderates the warning's impact.

Method: Two hundred fifty college students participated in a laboratory experiment approximating a real-life television viewing experience. They viewed an actual television series episode containing embedded alcohol messages, and their subsequent beliefs about alcohol consequences were measured.