Characteristics Associated with Engagement in the Early Detection Cascade of Care for Psychosis at a College Counseling Center.

Using the Cascade of Care framework, we explored the demographic and clinical characteristics of students at six stages in an early psychosis detection program at a college counseling center, with a focus on the transition between stages with the highest disengagement. We detailed and compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of those who (1) completed the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B, N = 1588); (2) met the PQ-B cutoff score (n = 486); (3) were referred for secondary phone screening (n = 404); (4) completed secondary phone screening (n = 198); (5) completed a Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) eligibility assessment (n = 51); and (6) were enrolled in CSC (n = 21). Education level and gender identity were associated with engagement at multiple stages of the early detection cascade.

A Y chromosome-linked genome editor for efficient population suppression in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.

Genetic control - the deliberate introduction of genetic traits to control a pest or vector population - offers a powerful tool to augment conventional mosquito control tools that have been successful in reducing malaria burden but that are compromised by a range of operational challenges. Self-sustaining genetic control strategies have shown great potential in laboratory settings, but hesitancy due to their invasive and persistent nature may delay their implementation. Here, instead, we describe a self-limiting strategy, designed to have geographically and temporally restricted effect, based on a Y chromosome-linked genome editor (YLE).

Noise-Induced Phase Separation and Time Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Active Field Theories Driven by Persistent Noise.

Within the Landau-Ginzburg picture of phase transitions, scalar field theories develop phase separation because of a spontaneous symmetry-breaking mechanism. This picture works in thermodynamics but also in the dynamics of phase separation. Here we show that scalar nonequilibrium field theories undergo phase separation just because of nonequilibrium fluctuations driven by a persistent noise.

A combined intervention strategy to increase linkage to and retention in substance use treatment for individuals accessing hospital-based services: study protocol.

Background: In 2020, New Mexico had the highest alcohol related death and the 11th highest drug overdose rate in the U.S. Towards the long-term goal of addressing this public health problem, we are implementing and evaluating an multi-level intervention designed to identify adults at risk of substance use disorder (SUD) and encourage linkage to and retention in treatment.

Y chromosome shredding in Anopheles gambiae: Insight into the cellular dynamics of a novel synthetic sex ratio distorter.

Despite efforts to explore the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, the Y chromosome of this species remains enigmatic. The large number of repetitive and heterochromatic DNA sequences makes the Y chromosome exceptionally difficult to fully assemble, hampering the progress of gene editing techniques and functional studies for this chromosome. In this study, we made use of a bioinformatic platform to identify Y-specific repetitive DNA sequences that served as a target site for a CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Canonical vs. Grand Canonical Ensemble for Bosonic Gases under Harmonic Confinement.

We analyze the general relation between canonical and grand canonical ensembles in the thermodynamic limit. We begin our discussion by deriving, with an alternative approach, some standard results first obtained by Kac and coworkers in the late 1970s. Then, motivated by the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of trapped gases with a fixed number of atoms, which is well described by the canonical ensemble and by the recent groundbreaking experimental realization of BEC with photons in a dye-filled optical microcavity under genuine grand canonical conditions, we apply our formalism to a system of non-interacting Bose particles confined in a two-dimensional harmonic trap.

Anti-CRISPR Anopheles mosquitoes inhibit gene drive spread under challenging behavioural conditions in large cages.

CRISPR-based gene drives have the potential to spread within populations and are considered as promising vector control tools. A doublesex-targeting gene drive was able to suppress laboratory Anopheles mosquito populations in small and large cages, and it is considered for field application. Challenges related to the field-use of gene drives and the evolving regulatory framework suggest that systems able to modulate or revert the action of gene drives, could be part of post-release risk-mitigation plans.

First report of Central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLAB- SI) due to Enterococcus raffinosus (ER) in a cancer patient.

Despite the advances made by therapeutic technologies, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are currently still a worldwide problem. Central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are one of the most common causes of HAIs. The cost of CLABSIs is considerable, both for the increase in morbidity and financial resources expenses.

The Economic Effect of Peer Recovery Support Services: A Review of the Literature.

Peer Recovery Support Services (PRSS) have the potential to be an economically valuable intervention. To investigate this potential, we conducted a scoping review to summarize existing research on the economic impact of PRSS. We searched relevant electronic databases for peer-reviewed articles and grey literature between January 2000 and February 2023 that examined an economic outcome related to PRSS.

The Cascade of Care for Early Psychosis Detection in a College Counseling Center.

Objective: Programs for early detection of psychosis help identify individuals experiencing emerging psychosis and link them with appropriate services, thereby reducing the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). The authors used the cascade-of-care framework to identify various care stages between screening and enrollment in coordinated specialty care (CSC) and to determine attrition at each stage, with the goal of identifying points in the referral process that may affect DUP.

Methods: Project partners included a college counseling center and CSC program.

Trauma exposure and disclosure in Hispanic youth at clinical high risk for psychosis: A retrospective review study.

Aim: This exploratory study aimed to examine differences in rates of self and clinician-reports of trauma in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and whether rates of reporting differed by ethnicity.

Methods: Self-reported history of trauma was collected at intake amongst youth at CHR enrolled in Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) services (N = 52). A structured chart review was conducted for the same sample to identify clinician-reported history of trauma throughout treatment in CSC.

Most probable path of active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles.

Using the path integral representation of the nonequilibrium dynamics, we compute the most probable path between arbitrary starting and final points that is followed by an active particle driven by persistent noise. We focus our attention on the case of active particles immersed in harmonic potentials, where the trajectory can be computed analytically. Once we consider the extended Markovian dynamics where the self-propulsive drive evolves according to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, we can compute the trajectory analytically with arbitrary conditions on position and self-propulsion velocity.

CRISPR-Mediated Cassette Exchange (CriMCE): A Method to Introduce and Isolate Precise Marker-Less Edits.

The introduction of small unmarked edits to the genome of insects is essential to study the molecular underpinnings of important biological traits, such as resistance to insecticides and genetic control strategies. Advances in CRISPR genome engineering have made this possible, but prohibitively laborious for most laboratories due to low rates of editing and the lack of a selectable marker. To facilitate the generation and isolation of precise marker-less edits we have developed a two-step method based on CRISPR-mediated cassette exchange (CriMCE) of a marked placeholder for a variant of interest.

Impact of antigen test target failure and testing strategies on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Population testing remains central to COVID-19 control and surveillance, with countries increasingly using antigen tests rather than molecular tests. Here we describe a SARS-CoV-2 variant that escapes N antigen tests due to multiple disruptive amino-acid substitutions in the N protein. By fitting a multistrain compartmental model to genomic and epidemiological data, we show that widespread antigen testing in the Italian region of Veneto favored the undetected spread of the antigen-escape variant compared to the rest of Italy.

Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human corneal tissues donated in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To analyse corneal tissues from asymptomatic donors with a postmortem nasopharyngeal swab tested positive for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and therefore, understand the role that corneal transplantation may have in viral transmission.

Methods And Analysis: Between March 2020 and October 2021, 101 corneas (out of 8154 collected in Italy) from 51 donors (out of a total of 4155 Italian donors) positive for SARS-CoV-2 after postmortem nasopharyngeal swab tests were analysed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA through real-time RT-PCR. When available, the corneal tissue storage media were also assessed.

Infravec2 guidelines for the design and operation of containment level 2 and 3 insectaries in Europe.

With the current expansion of vector-based research and an increasing number of facilities rearing arthropod vectors and infecting them with pathogens, common measures for containment of arthropods as well as manipulation of pathogens are becoming essential for the design and running of such research facilities to ensure safe work and reproducibility, without compromising experimental feasibility. These guidelines and comments were written by experts of the Infravec2 consortium, a Horizon 2020-funded consortium integrating the most sophisticated European infrastructures for research on arthropod vectors of human and animal diseases. They reflect current good practice across European laboratories with experience of safely handling different mosquito species and the pathogens they transmit.

Evaluation of Ongoing Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Training for Law Enforcement Using the ECHO Model.

Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training aims to improve law enforcement officers' (LEOs) ability to safely intervene in calls for service involving individuals with mental illness, as well as to increase LEOs' ability to link these individuals to mental health services and divert them from the criminal justice system. However, most CIT training is delivered as a stand-alone class, and continuing education in CIT principles and best practices is limited. To address this problem, the Albuquerque Police Department, in partnership with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of New Mexico, developed CIT ECHO to provide continuing education in CIT best practices.

Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by vaccination and infection history.

Background: The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) with immune escape properties, such as Delta (B.1.617.

Implementation Challenges and Recommendations for Employing Peer Support Workers in Emergency Departments to Support Patients Presenting after an Opioid-Related Overdose.

The placement of a peer support workers (PSWs) in emergency departments (ED) is a promising practice for supporting persons with opioid use disorder who are presenting with an overdose or related medical condition. However, this practice is underutilized. The objective of this study was to identify the challenges of employing PSWs in the ED and provide a checklist to increase the likelihood of their successful integration and retention in this environment.

Longitudinal analysis of T cell receptor repertoires reveals shared patterns of antigen-specific response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

T cells play a prominent role in orchestrating the immune response to viral diseases, but their role in the clinical presentation and subsequent immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly understood. As part of a population-based survey of the municipality of Vo', Italy, conducted after the initial SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, we sampled the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of the population 2 months after the initial PCR survey and followed up positive cases 9 and 15 months later. At 2 months, we found that 97.

Phylogeography and genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy and Europe with newly characterized Italian genomes between February-June 2020.

The aims of this study were to characterize new SARS-CoV-2 genomes sampled all over Italy and to reconstruct the origin and the evolutionary dynamics in Italy and Europe between February and June 2020. The cluster analysis showed only small clusters including < 80 Italian isolates, while most of the Italian strains were intermixed in the whole tree. Pure Italian clusters were observed mainly after the lockdown and distancing measures were adopted.

Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Intra-Host and Within-Household Emergence of Novel Haplotypes.

In February 2020, the municipality of Vo', a small town near Padua (Italy) was quarantined due to the first coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-related death detected in Italy. To investigate the viral prevalence and clinical features, the entire population was swab tested in two sequential surveys. Here we report the analysis of 87 viral genomes, which revealed that the unique ancestor haplotype introduced in Vo' belongs to lineage B, carrying the mutations G11083T and G26144T.

Training Psychiatrists in New Mexico: Reflections from Psychiatry Residents Who Participated in a Rural Track Versus a Traditional Program Alone over the Past Decade.

Objective: With over 60% of rural Americans living in mental health professional shortage areas, there is a need for providing psychiatry residents training experiences in rural communities with the goal of increasing the likelihood that they will end up practicing in those same communities following graduation. The purpose of this study was to survey previous and current psychiatry residents, with the goal of describing the impact of the program on rural track residents compared to those in the traditional residency track.

Methods: Psychiatry residents 2010-2020 completed an online survey.