Subcutaneous Adipocyte Adenosine Triphosphate Levels in HIV Infected Patients.

Lipoatrophy, or fat wasting, remains a syndrome plaguing HIV patients receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Both HIV infection and certain ARV are associated with lowered adipose tissue mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) and mitochondrial ribonucleic acid (mtRNA) levels, but effects on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production are unclear. We hypothesized that such alterations would accompany lowering of ATP levels in fat of HIV patients and would be worse in those displaying lipoatrophy.

Raman-Enhanced Spectroscopy Distinguishes Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Serodiscordant Couples.

HIV-positive individuals are at increased risk for precancerous anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). Anal cytology and digital rectal examination are performed as screening tools, but extensive training and appropriate instruments are required to follow up on an abnormal anal cytology. Thus, novel approaches to SIL evaluation could improve better health care follow-up by efficient and timely diagnosis to offer treatment options.

Human Papillomavirus-16 DNA Quantitation Differentiates High-Grade Anal Neoplasia.

Due to their higher rates of anal dysplasia/cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals are recommended to undergo anal dysplasia screening, which consists of anal cytology (AC) and high resolution anoscopy (HRA) with anal biopsy (AB) after abnormal AC result. However, AC variability limits its usefulness. Our objective was to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 DNA quantitation as part of the screening algorithm.

Human Papillomavirus at Multiple Sites Associated with Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in HIV-Seropositive Individuals.

Objective: HIV-Seropositive patients have higher risk of HPV infection even on anti-retroviral therapy. Infection with high-risk HPV genotypes can cause dysplasia leading to cancer. This study assessed HPV at different anatomical sites in HIV-seropositive individuals and factors associated with anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASIL).

Addressing Risk and Reluctance at the Nexus of HIV and Anal Cancer Screening.

Anal cancer disproportionately burdens persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) regardless of natal sex, sexual orientation, gender expression, and ethnic identity. Culturally competent communications are recommended to address health disparities, with sociocultural relevance ensured through constituent dialogic processes. Results are presented from six provider focus groups conducted to inform the promotion/education component of a Hawai'i-based project on anal cancer screening tools.

A Community-Based Approach to Enhancing Anal Cancer Screening in Hawaii's HIV-Infected Ethnic Minorities.

Objective: Disparities in anal cancer incidence among Hawaii's HIV-infected minority population is an emerging health concern. Although anal cytology/anoscopy are effective anal cancer screening tools, social barriers exist that prevent individuals from seeking appropriate care.

Design: Community based participatory research (CBPR) principles were applied to develop resources, including testing a self-obtained anal specimen procedure, to increase anal cancer screening among Hawaii's underserved/ minority populations.

Presence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotype and human immunodeficiency virus DNA in anal high-grade and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV)-infected individuals are at risk for anal cancer, which is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). The relationship between HIV and HPV that leads to anal cancer remains unclear. Recent data, however, suggest that the continued persistence of HIV DNA in patients treated with combined antiretroviral therapy leads to progression of HIV disease and other HIV-associated complications.

HIV-associated anal dysplasia: experience from a multiethnic-HIV clinic in Hawaii.

Purpose: To assess the proportion as well as predictors of anal dysplasia in HIV-infected Asian/Pacific Islanders.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review evaluating the proportion of anal dysplasia among a multiethnic population from an ambulatory university-based HIV clinic in Hawaii. Demographic, clinical, and virologic parameters were examined with respect to abnormal anal Pap smear.