Dramatic Increase in Incidence of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease (1988-2011): A Population-Based Study of French Adolescents.

Objectives: Few data are available to describe the changes in incidence of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to describe changes in incidence and phenotypic presentation of pediatric-onset IBD in northern France during a 24-year period.

Methods: Pediatric-onset IBD (<17 years) was issued from a population-based IBD study in France between 1988 and 2011.

[Pancreatic-portal fistula. A rare complication of chronic pancreatitis].

We report a 40-year-old patient with complication of chronic pancreatitis as a pancreatico-portal fistula. The patient had subcutaneous nodular fat necrosis of the lower limbs resembling Weber-Christian syndrome, and amylasic ascitis. The diagnosis was established with retrograde endoscopic cholangio-pancreatography which found three pancreatic pseudocysts and a communication with the portal venous system.

Unconjugated pteridines in bronchoalveolar lavage as indicators of alveolar macrophage activation.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has shown great efficacy in clarifying the role of immune processes in many disorders of the lower respiratory tract. Following the in vitro demonstration that neopterin is an indicator of the activation of macrophages, neopterin was measured in the BAL fluid and cells from patients with various pulmonary diseases. In most of the patients, high levels of neopterin were found in the serum, BAL fluid and BAL cells.

[Endoscopic exploration of the small intestine].

The development of Japanese enteroscopes, mot of which are still prototypes, has made it possible to explore the entire small bowel. These instruments are either introduced into the jejunum like an ordinary endoscope, or pushed along a guidewire, or weighted with mercury, like a Miller-Abbott probe. A simplified study of the adult malabsorption syndrome can be performed by proximal jejunoscopy, usually carried out in Europe with a paediatric colonoscope.

Early changes in blood-brain barrier permeability after porto-caval shunt and liver ischaemia.

The brain oedema, distribution space (DS) and brain uptake index (BUI), of L-glucose, inulin, B12 vitamin and of three polypeptidic hormones of increasing molecular weight (angiotensin-I, gastrin and insulin) were measured in the rat after sham operation, porto-caval shunt (PCS) or liver ischaemia. At an early stage following PCS or liver ischaemia brain oedema was not constant, and was only demonstrable after liver ischaemia in a large number of animals. Substances without an active transport and with a low diffusion coefficient such as L-glucose and inulin had a very low BUI, unchanged even if the 3H2O brain content or the DS were modified.

Trichinella spiralis in rats: in vivo effects of the bile and in vitro action of secretory IgA from bile.

The biliary secretion of rats is diverted from the choledoch duct to the bladder. These rats are resuscitated by sub-cutaneous injections of a salt solution and then infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae. It is shown that the number of adult worms is increased (+ 66%); as is the female larvae production (+ 51%); the females' length is also increased (+ 25%).