Naringin supplementation during pregnancy alters rat offspring's brain redox system and mitochondrial function.

Naringin supplementation is known to ameliorate oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS) and improve cognitive function in disease models using adult rodents. However, if this supplementation is applied during critical periods of development, would it still be beneficial? To address this question, we used pregnant Wistar rats that were supplemented daily with naringin (100 mg/kg) during gestation. After delivery, pups were euthanized on postnatal day (PND) 1, 7, and 21.

Perceived factors influencing the success of pain neuroscience education in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the factors influencing the success of Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) in chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain from the perspective of those experiencing PNE first-hand.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Articles were found on MEDLINE Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, and PsycINFO up to April 2023.

Rehabilitation in subjects with frozen shoulder: a survey of current (2023) clinical practice of Italian physiotherapists.

Objective: Frozen Shoulder (FS) is a musculoskeletal pathology that leads to disability, functional decline, and a worsening in quality of life. Physiotherapists are the primary professionals involved in the treatment of FS, and it is essential to determine if their practice aligns with evidence-based suggestions.

Aim: The aim is to assess the knowledge, skills, and operational strategies of Italian physiotherapists regarding FS and compare them with the existing literature.

Mechanically induced topological transition of spectrin regulates its distribution in the mammalian cell cortex.

The cell cortex is a dynamic assembly formed by the plasma membrane and underlying cytoskeleton. As the main determinant of cell shape, the cortex ensures its integrity during passive and active deformations by adapting cytoskeleton topologies through yet poorly understood mechanisms. The spectrin meshwork ensures such adaptation in erythrocytes and neurons by adopting different organizations.

Botulinum Toxin for Axial Postural Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Axial postural abnormalities (APAs), characterized by their frequency, disabling nature, and resistance to pharmacological treatments, significantly impact Parkinson's disease and atypical Parkinsonism patients. Despite advancements in diagnosing, assessing, and understanding their pathophysiology, managing these complications remains a significant challenge. Often underestimated by healthcare professionals, these disturbances can exacerbate disability.

Biomimetic Approach of Brain Vasculature Rapidly Characterizes Inter- and Intra-Patient Migratory Diversity of Glioblastoma.

Glioblastomas exhibit remarkable heterogeneity at various levels, including motility modes and mechanoproperties that contribute to tumor resistance and recurrence. In a recent study using gridded micropatterns mimicking the brain vasculature, glioblastoma cell motility modes, mechanical properties, formin content, and substrate chemistry are linked. Now is presented, SP2G (SPheroid SPreading on Grids), an analytic platform designed to identify the migratory modes of patient-derived glioblastoma cells and rapidly pinpoint the most invasive sub-populations.

Can a clinical assessment predict the functional status progression in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome?

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a hip joint motion-related clinical disorder with a triad of symptoms, clinical signs, and imaging findings. However, scientific evidence is still unclear regarding the best treatment for FAIS.

Objectives: To assess the value of a physical therapy evaluation in predicting the progression of functional status over the subsequent years in patients with FAIS who are candidates for hip arthroscopy surgery.

Effectiveness of electrophysical agents in subjects with frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of electrophysical agents in improving pain, function, disability, range of motion, quality of life, perceived stiffness, and time to recovery in subjects with frozen shoulder (FS).

Methods: A thorough search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and EMBASE yielded 1143 articles, of which 23 randomized controlled trials were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed through Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.

Complementarity of nutritional assessment tools to predict prolonged hospital stay and readmission in older patients with solid tumors: A secondary analysis of a cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the complementarity of five nutritional risk screening tools (Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 [NRS-2002], Malnutrition Screening Tool [MST], Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool [MUST], Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form [MNA-SF], and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment SF [PG-SGA SF]) combined with three malnutrition diagnostic tools (SGA, PG-SGA, and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition [GLIM]) and their ability to predict poor clinical outcomes in older patients with cancer.

Methods: Using data collected within 48 h of hospital admission, we conducted a prospective cohort study on nutritional risk (NRS-2002, MST, MUST, MNA-SF, and PG-SGA SF) and the presence of malnutrition (SGA, PG-SGA, and GLIM). Patients were grouped according to their nutritional risk and malnutrition status.

PIP4K2B is mechanoresponsive and controls heterochromatin-driven nuclear softening through UHRF1.

Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PtdIns5P)-4-kinases (PIP4Ks) are stress-regulated phosphoinositide kinases able to phosphorylate PtdIns5P to PtdIns(4,5)P2. In cancer patients their expression is typically associated with bad prognosis. Among the three PIP4K isoforms expressed in mammalian cells, PIP4K2B is the one with more prominent nuclear localisation.

Accuracy of the GLIM Criteria and SGA Compared to PG-SGA for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition and Its Impact on Prolonged Hospitalization: A Prospective Study in Patients with Cancer.

Background: Early assessment of malnutrition in cancer patients is essential. This study analyzed the accuracy of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), in diagnosing malnutrition, considering the Patient Generated-SGA (PG-SGA) as a reference, and the impact of malnutrition on hospital days.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 183 patients with gastrointestinal, head and neck, and lung cancer.

Mechanically induced topological transition of spectrin regulates its distribution in the mammalian cortex.

The cell cortex is a dynamic assembly that ensures cell integrity during passive deformation or active response by adapting cytoskeleton topologies with poorly understood mechanisms. The spectrin meshwork ensures such adaptation in erythrocytes and neurons. Erythrocytes rely on triangular-like lattices of spectrin tetramers, which in neurons are organized in periodic arrays.

Protocol to assess human glioma propagating cell migration on linear micropatterns mimicking brain invasion tracks.

Glioblastoma (GBM) cells invade the brain by following linear structures like blood vessel walls and white matter tracts by using specific motility modes. In this protocol, we describe two micropatterning techniques allowing recapitulation of these linear tracks : micro-contact printing and deep UV photolithography. We also detail how to maintain, transfect, and prepare human glioma propagating cells (hGPCs) for migration assays on linear tracks, followed by image acquisition and analysis, to measure key parameters of their motility.

Regulatory mechanisms of the early phase of white adipocyte differentiation: an overview.

The adipose organ comprises two main fat depots termed white and brown adipose tissues. Adipogenesis is a process leading to newly differentiated adipocytes starting from precursor cells, which requires the contribution of many cellular activities at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels. The adipogenic program is accomplished through two sequential phases; the first includes events favoring the commitment of adipose tissue stem cells/precursors to preadipocytes, while the second involves mechanisms that allow the achievement of full adipocyte differentiation.

Methods of nutritional assessment and functional capacity in the identification of unfavorable clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with cancer: a systematic review.

Context: Malnutrition has a negative impact on patients with cancer. Identifying risk, nutritional status, and functional capacity can contribute to adequate and early nutritional therapy, which can reduce unfavorable clinical outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate and summarize the main instruments of nutritional assessment and functional capacity and associate their results with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with cancer.

Adaptive mechanoproperties mediated by the formin FMN1 characterize glioblastoma fitness for invasion.

Glioblastoma are heterogeneous tumors composed of highly invasive and highly proliferative clones. Heterogeneity in invasiveness could emerge from discrete biophysical properties linked to specific molecular expression. We identified clones of patient-derived glioma propagating cells that were either highly proliferative or highly invasive and compared their cellular architecture, migratory, and biophysical properties.

Histone Deacetylase 3 Regulates Adipocyte Phenotype at Early Stages of Differentiation.

Obesity is a condition characterized by uncontrolled expansion of adipose tissue mass resulting in pathological weight gain. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have emerged as crucial players in epigenetic regulation of adipocyte metabolism. Previously, we demonstrated that selective inhibition of class I HDACs improves white adipocyte functionality and promotes the browning phenotype of murine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) C3H/10T1/2 differentiated to adipocytes.

PGC1s and Beyond: Disentangling the Complex Regulation of Mitochondrial and Cellular Metabolism.

Metabolism is the central engine of living organisms as it provides energy and building blocks for many essential components of each cell, which are required for specific functions in different tissues. Mitochondria are the main site for energy production in living organisms and they also provide intermediate metabolites required for the synthesis of other biologically relevant molecules. Such cellular processes are finely tuned at different levels, including allosteric regulation, posttranslational modifications, and transcription of genes encoding key proteins in metabolic pathways.

Conditioning the microenvironment for soft tissue regeneration in a cell free scaffold.

The use of cell-free scaffolds for the regeneration of clinically relevant volumes of soft tissue has been challenged, particularly in the case of synthetic biomaterials, by the difficulty of reconciling the manufacturing and biological performance requirements. Here, we investigated in vivo the importance of biomechanical and biochemical cues for conditioning the 3D regenerative microenvironment towards soft tissue formation. In particular, we evaluated the adipogenesis changes related to 3D mechanical properties by creating a gradient of 3D microenvironments with different stiffnesses using 3D Poly(Urethane-Ester-ether) PUEt scaffolds.

Does microRNA Perturbation Control the Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Diabetes? Implications for Cardiovascular Risk.

Metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although the pathological mechanisms underlying the mutual development of obesity and T2D are difficult to define, a better understanding of the molecular aspects is of utmost importance to identify novel therapeutic targets. Recently, a class of non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRNAs), are emerging as key modulators of metabolic abnormalities.

"The Loss of Golden Touch": Mitochondria-Organelle Interactions, Metabolism, and Cancer.

Mitochondria represent the energy hub of cells and their function is under the constant influence of their tethering with other subcellular organelles. Mitochondria interact with the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, peroxisomes, and nucleus in several ways, ranging from signal transduction, vesicle transport, and membrane contact sites, to regulate energy metabolism, biosynthetic processes, apoptosis, and cell turnover. Tumorigenesis is often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which could likely be the result of an altered interaction with different cell organelles or structures.