The uropathologist of the future: getting ready with intelligence for the prostate cancer tsunami.

According to the recently published paper by the Lancet Commission on prostate cancer (PCa) , the projections of new cases of PCa will rise from 1.4 million in 2020 to 2.9 million by 2040.

Patients ask and pathologists answer: ten questions around prostate cancer grading.

Pathologists have closely collaborated with clinicians, mainly urologists, to update the Gleason grading system to reflect the current practice and approach in prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This has led to the development of what is called patient advocacy and patient information. Ten common questions asked by patients to pathologists concerning PCa grading and the answers given by the latter are reported.

The Prognostic Significance of Histological Subtypes in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Overview of the Current Literature.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide. In approximately 25% of cases, it presents as a muscle-invasive disease, requiring a radical treatment. Traditionally, the mainstay of treatment has been radical cystectomy (RC), but in the last decade, bladder-sparing treatments have been gaining growing interest.

Case-by-case combination of the prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.1 with the Likert score to reduce the false-positives of prostate MRI: a proof-of-concept study.

Objectives: To retrospectively investigate whether a case-by-case combination of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS) with the Likert score improves the diagnostic performance of mpMRI for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), especially by reducing false-positives.

Methods: One hundred men received mpMRI between January 2020 and April 2021, followed by prostate biopsy.

How To Report the Minor Component of a High-grade Pattern in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens: Time To Abandon the "Tertiary" Terminology?

The International Society of Urological Pathology and Genitourinary Pathology Society differ in their recommendations for reporting of minor components of high-grade pattern in prostatectomy specimens. This can affect the grade group assigned, particularly when there are only two Gleason patterns in a cancer nodule. We therefore argue that the term "tertiary" should be changed to "minor" component.

Predictive and prognostic biomarkers in urological tumours.

Advancements in cutting-edge molecular profiling techniques, such as next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analytic tools, have allowed researchers to examine tumour biology in detail and stratify patients based on factors linked with clinical outcome and response to therapy. This manuscript highlights the most relevant prognostic and predictive biomarkers in kidney, bladder, prostate and testicular cancers with recognised impact in clinical practice. In bladder and prostate cancer, new genetic acquisitions concerning the biology of tumours have modified the therapeutic scenario and led to the approval of target directed therapies, increasing the quality of patient care.

The Role of Checkpoint Inhibitor Expression Directly on Exfoliated Cells from Bladder Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common type of cancer that affects the urinary bladder. The early detection and management of BCa is critical for successful treatment and patient outcomes. In recent years, researchers have been exploring the use of biomarkers as a non-invasive and effective tool for the detection and monitoring of BCa.

Outcomes and treatment failure after open or robotic ureteral reconstruction for iatrogenic injuries.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the aetiology, perioperative outcomes and treatment failure of contemporary patients undergoing open or robot-assisted ureteral reconstruction for iatrogenic injuries.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analysed consecutive patients who underwent ureteral reconstruction for iatrogenic injuries at two academic centres 07/2013 and 06/2022. A variety of open or robot-assisted procedures were performed, including uretero-cystoneostomy, Boari bladder flap, uretero-ureterostomy, ileal replacement and pyelo-ureteroplasty.

Robot-Assisted Treatment of Symptomatic Lymphocele Postradical Prostatectomy and Lymphadenectomy in the Era or Robotic Surgery: .

Pelvic lymphnode dissection (PLND) is an integral part of surgical treatment for localized intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer. The most common complication of PLND is lymphocele formation. In the majority of cases the development of lymphoceles is clinically asymptomatic but in case of symptomatic/infected lymphocele an active treatment is required.

Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy with Orthotopic Neobladder Reconstruction: Techniques and Functional Outcomes in Males.

Background: Little is known regarding functional outcomes after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and intracorporeal neobladder (ICNB) reconstruction.

Objective: To report on urinary continence (UC) and erectile function (EF) at 12 mo after RARC and ICNB reconstruction and investigate predictors of these outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We used data from a multi-institutional database of patients who underwent RARC and ICNB reconstruction for bladder cancer.

Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor with histological features of IgG4-related disease: two case reports and review of the literature.

Background: Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor (PFP) is a rare intrascrotal benign fibrous mass of uncertain aetiology, usually arising between testicular tunica layers and is supposed to be related to inflammatory reactive conditions. Because of morphological similarities to IgG4-related sclerosing fibro-inflammatory lesions, some authors recently postulated that PFP might belong to the IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) family. Considering the rarity of this lesion, only few cases have been reported in literature about the correlation between IgG4-RD and PFP.

Robot-assisted Bladder Diverticulectomy Using a Transperitoneal Extravesical Approach.

Background: Acquired bladder diverticula (BD) are a possible complication of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostate enlargement (BPE). Robot-assisted bladder diverticulectomy (RABD) has been proposed as an alternative to open removal; however, only a few small series have been published.

Objective: To describe our surgical technique for RABD and to assess perioperative results and functional outcomes at 6-mo follow-up.

Robotic-assisted, laparoscopic, and open radical cystectomy: surgical data of 1400 patients from The Italian Radical Cystectomy Registry on intraoperative outcomes.

Introduction: The Italian Radical Cystectomy Registry (Registro Italiano Cistectomie - RIC) aimed to analyse outcomes of a multicenter series of patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer.

Material And Methods: An observational, prospective, multicenter, cohort study was performed to collect data from RC and urinary diversion via open (ORC), laparoscopic (LRC), or robotic-assisted (RARC) techniques performed in 28 Italian Urological Departments. The enrolment was planned from January 2017 to June 2020 (goal: 1000 patients), with a total of 1425 patients included.

T-L technique for HoLEP: perioperative outcomes of a large single-centre series.

Introduction: The aim of this article was to describe, step-by-step, an original technique (T-L technique) in a single centre series of patients who underwent holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia and analyze perioperative outcomes.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of 567 patients who underwent HoLEP. The T-L technique consists of a series of incisions used as landmarks, performed at the beginning of the procedure before enucleation.

Perioperative Outcomes of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to systematically review the literature and describe perioperative complications of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), including the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications.

Methods: All English language publications on HoLEP were evaluated. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to evaluate PubMed®, Scopus®, and Web of Science™ databases from January 1, 1998, to June 1, 2020.

Urology practice during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign.

Introduction: The current scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic is significantly different from that of the first, emergency phase. Several countries in the world are experiencing a second, or even a third, wave of contagion, while awaiting the effects of mass vaccination campaigns. The aim of this report was to provide an update of previously released recommendations on prioritization and restructuring of urological activities.

Retrosigmoid ileal conduit without transposition of the left ureter after open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

Objectives: To assess perioperative outcomes, complications, and rate of uretero-ileal anastomotic stricture (UAS) in patients undergoing retrosigmoid ileal conduit after radical cystectomy (RC).

Patients And Methods: Clinical records of consecutive patients receiving retrosigmoid ileal conduit after open RC for bladder cancer between March 2016 and June 2020 at two academic centres were prospectively collected. Two expert surgeons performed all cases.