Susac's Syndrome: A Tale of Disability Due to Late Recognition.

Susac's syndrome is a rare inflammatory microangiopathy characterized by the triad of retinopathy, encephalopathy, and hearing loss. The syndrome causes recurrent microinfarcts in these organs, which in turn manifests with repeated attacks of visual field loss, hearing loss and tinnitus, and various brain syndromes. These often lead to the significant accumulation of disability over time, particularly if there is a delay or failure in diagnosis.

Recurrent Headache With Diplopia: A Common Presentation of an Uncommon Entity.

Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy (RPON) is a rare headache syndrome, the diagnosis of which can be daunting to those who are not familiar with it. It presents characteristically with recurrent ocular motor weakness and ipsilateral head pain without an underlying etiology and often has unique imaging findings. Even after the successful diagnosis of this entity, there are no published management guidelines.

The Barcelona-Asymptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis (AsIA) study: Subclinical cervico-cerebral stenosis and middle cerebral artery pulsatility index as predictors of long-term incident cognitive impairment.

Background And Aims: We aimed to study subclinical non-invasive vascular markers as predictors of incident long-term cognitive impairment in a longitudinal population-based study.

Methods: The Barcelona-Asymptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis (AsIA) study is a population-based study that included a random sample of 933 Caucasian subjects (mean age 66 years, 64% male) with a moderate-high vascular risk and without history of stroke or dementia. Subclinical carotid and intracranial stenosis was assessed at baseline visit by cervical and transcranial color-coded duplex (TCCD) and confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography.

Subclinical affective and cognitive fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: a randomized double-blind double-dummy study of Oral vs. Intrajejunal Levodopa.

Background: Chronic levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) may promote undesirable motor and non-motor fluctuations. Compared to chronic oral levodopa treatment, continuous infusion of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) in advanced PD reduces motor fluctuations. However, differences in their effect on acute non-motor changes were not formally demonstrated.

Overlapping neuropathological findings in an asymptomatic gene mutation carrier.

Hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) caused by mutations in the gene are autosomal-dominant inherited disorders characterized by weakness of lower extremities, spasticity and hyperreflexia. Some cases with cognitive decline have been repored. Herein we present an asymptomatic carrier of a gene mutation who developed an adult-onset cognitive decline, compatible with Alzheimer's disease with co-pathologies such as argyrophylic grain disease and cerebrovascular pathology.

Third Ventricle Width Assessed by Transcranial Sonography as Predictor of Long-Term Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Non-invasive biomarkers of cognitive impairment are needed. We aim to evaluate transcranial sonographic markers as predictors of cognitive impairment in a prospective cohort.

Objective: To study the changes in the third ventricle diameter and the SN echogenicity between the baseline and the control visit, as well as its association with cognitive performance and the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in a prospective cohort.

High ultrasensitive serum C-reactive protein may be related to freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease patients.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biomarker of systemic inflammation that has been linked to accelerated decline in walking speed in older adults. The aim of the present study was to compare the CRP levels of PD patients with vs patients without freezing of gait (FOG). Patients and controls participating in the COPPADIS-2015 study that performed blood extraction for determining molecular serum biomarkers were included.

Distinctive Olfactory Pattern in Parkinson's Disease and Non-Neurodegenerative Causes of Hyposmia.

Background: Olfactory dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). The characteristics of the hyposmia in PD have not been well defined.

Objective: To characterize the pattern of the olfactory deficit in PD and in other non-neurodegenerative aetiologies of hyposmia.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated to natalizumab extended dosing regimen.

A risk for developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a major barrier to natalizumab use. Extended dosing intervals have been proposed as a way to maintain therapeutic efficacy and reduce progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy incidence. This is the first reported case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient using an extended dosing regimen (300 mg/6 weeks).