Seroprevalence and renal carriage of pathogenic Leptospira in livestock in Cotonou, Benin.

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease. It is particularly prevalent in tropical countries and has major consequences for human and animal health. In Benin, the disease's epidemiology remains poorly understood, especially in livestock, for which data are lacking.

The COVID-related mental health load of neonatal healthcare professionals: a multicenter study in Italy.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected healthcare professionals' lives. We investigated the potential mental health risk faced by healthcare professionals working in neonatal units in a multicentre cross-sectional observational study.

Methods: We included all healthcare personnel of seven level-3 and six level-2 neonatal units in Tuscany, Italy.

Seroprevalence and incidence of Puumala orthohantavirus in its bank vole (Myodes glareolus) host population in northeastern France: Between-site and seasonal variability.

Given the difficulty of measuring pathogen transmission in wildlife, epidemiological studies frequently rely on cross-sectional seroprevalence. However, seropositivity indicates only exposure to a pathogen at an unknown time. By allowing to obtain repeated test results from individuals sampled multiple times over an extended period, longitudinal data help reduce this uncertainty.

Circulating serogroups of Leptospira in swine from a 7-year study in France (2011-2017).

Background: Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira and is responsible for significant economic porcine livestock losses. Knowledge of Leptospira serogroups and their distributions is important for evaluation of the relevance of leptospirosis management measures, including use of the prophylactic vaccine that was recently made available in France. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the relationships between different circulating Leptospira serogroups.

Detection and genetic diversity of Mopeia virus in Mastomys natalensis from different habitats in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique.

Mammarenaviruses have been a growing concern for public health in Africa since the 1970s when Lassa virus cases in humans were first described in west Africa. In southern Africa, a single outbreak of Lujo virus was reported to date in South Africa in 2008 with a case fatality rate of 80%. The natural reservoir of Lassa virus is Mastomys natalensis while for the Lujo virus the natural host has yet to be identified.

GABA Receptor Subunit Composition Drives Its Sensitivity to the Insecticide Fipronil.

Fipronil (FPN) is a worldwide-used neurotoxic insecticide, targeting, and blocking GABA receptors (GABARs). Beyond its efficiency on insect GABARs, FPN causes neurotoxic effects in humans and mammals. Here, we investigated the mode of action of FPN on mammalian α6-containing GABARs to understand its inhibitory effects on GABA-induced currents, as a function of the synaptic or extrasynaptic localization of GABARs.

C-H functionalisation of aldehydes using light generated, non-stabilised diazo compounds in flow.

The difficulty in accessing and safely utilising non-stabilised diazo species has in the past limited the application of this class of compounds. Here we explore further the use of oxadiazolines, non-stabilised diazo precursors which are bench stable, in direct, non-catalytic, aldehyde C-H functionalisation reactions under UV photolysis in flow and free from additives. Commercially available aldehydes are coupled to afford unsymmetrical aryl-alkyl and alkyl-alkyl ketones while mild conditions and lack of transition metal catalysts allow for exceptional functional group tolerance.

Telepsychiatry for Children and Adolescents: A Review of the PROMETTED Project.

Background: Telemedicine for children and adolescents is a public health topic, and since 2009 in France, the legal framework defines practical modalities. Some children with Attention Deficit with or without Hyperactivity Disorder, social anxiety, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be easily engaged within a teleconsultation model. Literature suggests new opportunities to facilitate the care process for the ASD person and his family: diagnosis with the use of validated instruments and parental accompaniment.

Visible-Light-Mediated Annulation of Electron-Rich Alkenes and Nitrogen-Centered Radicals from N-Sulfonylallylamines: Construction of Chloromethylated Pyrrolidine Derivatives.

A visible-light-mediated annulation of N-sulfonylallylamines and olefins is reported. Rapid access to highly functionalized chloromethylated pyrrolidines can be achieved using mild conditions for the generation of nitrogen-centered radicals. Both a transition-metal-based catalyst and an organic dye can be used as photosensitizers with 0.

Population genetics, community of parasites, and resistance to rodenticides in an urban brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) population.

Brown rats are one of the most widespread urban species worldwide. Despite the nuisances they induce and their potential role as a zoonotic reservoir, knowledge on urban rat populations remains scarce. The main purpose of this study was to characterize an urban brown rat population from Chanteraines park (Hauts-de-Seine, France), with regards to haematology, population genetics, immunogenic diversity, resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides, and community of parasites.

One-Pot Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening/Cyclization/Oxidation of Aziridines with N-Tosylhydrazones: Access to 1,2,4-Triazines.

A new, three-step, telescoped reaction sequence for the regioselective conversion of N-tosyl hydrazones and aziridines to 3,6-disubstituted and 3,5,6-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazines is described. The process involves an efficient nucleophilic ring opening of the aziridine, giving access to a wide range of aminohydrazones, isolated with excellent yields. A "one-pot" procedure, combining the ring opening with a cyclization and an oxidation step, allows the preparation of diversified triazines in good yields.

Spatial and Temporal Epidemiology of Nephropathia Epidemica Incidence and Hantavirus Seroprevalence in Rodent Hosts: Identification of the Main Environmental Factors in Europe.

In Europe, the increasing number of nephropathia epidemica (NE) infections in humans, caused by Puumala virus carried by bank voles (Myodes glareolus), has triggered studies of environmental factors driving these infections. NE infections have been shown to occur in specific geographical areas characterized by environmental factors that influence the distribution and dynamics of host populations and virus persistence in the soil. Here, we review the influence of environmental conditions (including climate factors, food availability and habitat conditions) with respect to incidence in humans and seroprevalence in rodents, considering both direct and indirect transmission pathways.

Injection of insect membrane in Xenopus oocyte: An original method for the pharmacological characterization of neonicotinoid insecticides.

Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) represent a major target of insecticides, belonging to the neonicotinoid family. However, the pharmacological profile of native nAChRs is poorly documented, mainly because of a lack of knowledge of their subunit stoichiometry, their tissue distribution and the weak access to nAChR-expressing cells. In addition, the expression of insect nAChRs in heterologous systems remains hard to achieve.

Unexpected effects of low doses of a neonicotinoid insecticide on behavioral responses to sex pheromone in a pest insect.

In moths, which include many agricultural pest species, males are attracted by female-emitted sex pheromones. Although integrated pest management strategies are increasingly developed, most insect pest treatments rely on widespread use of neurotoxic chemicals, including neonicotinoid insecticides. Residual accumulation of low concentrations of these insecticides in the environment is known to be harmful to beneficial insects such as honey bees.

A comparison of the physiological status in parasitized roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from two different populations.

Studies of the impact of parasites on host performance have mainly focused on body mass, a phenotypic trait that responds relatively slowly to the presence of parasites, and the expectedly faster response of physiological parameters has been mostly overlooked. We filled the gap by measuring the impact of endoparasites on four hematological/biochemical parameters (hematocrit, albumin, creatinine and fructosamine) in two contrasting free-living populations of roe deer. We generally found negative relationships between parasites and physiological parameters.

Thermotolerance adaptation to human-modified habitats occurs in the native range of the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata before long-distance dispersal.

Key evolutionary events associated with invasion success are traditionally thought to occur in the introduced, rather than the native range of species. In the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata, however, a shift in reproductive system has been demonstrated within the native range, from the sexual non-dominant populations of natural habitats to the clonal dominant populations of human-modified habitats. Because abiotic conditions of human- modified habitats are hotter and dryer, we performed lab experiments on workers from a set of native and introduced populations, to investigate whether these ecological and genetic transitions were accompanied by a change in thermotolerance and whether such changes occurred before establishment in the introduced range.

Initial category cues and recognition memory foils for the Cognistat Verbal Memory alternate word list.

The Cognistat is a widely used screening instrument for the evaluation of higher cerebral functioning. The Verbal Memory subtest contains an alternate word list without the cuing (i.e.

Why did bluetongue spread the way it did? Environmental factors influencing the velocity of bluetongue virus serotype 8 epizootic wave in France.

Understanding where and how fast an infectious disease will spread during an epidemic is critical for its control. However, the task is a challenging one as numerous factors may interact and drive the spread of a disease, specifically when vector-borne diseases are involved. We advocate the use of simultaneous autoregressive models to identify environmental features that significantly impact the velocity of disease spread.

Impact of Puumala virus infection on maturation and survival in bank voles: a capture-mark-recapture analysis.

Many zoonotic diseases are caused by rodent-borne viruses. Major fluctuations in the transmission of these viruses have been related to large changes in reservoir host population numbers due to external factors. However, the impact of the pathogen itself on the demography of its reservoir host is often overlooked.

Can things get worse when an invasive species hybridizes? The harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis in France as a case study.

So far, only a few studies have explicitly investigated the consequences of admixture for the adaptative potential of invasive populations. We addressed this question in the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis. After decades of use as a biological control agent against aphids in Europe and North America, H.

Parental crowding influences life-history traits in Locusta migratoria females.

Parental environments could play an important role in controlling insect outbreaks, provided they influence changes in physiological, developmental or behavioural life-history traits related to fluctuations in population density. However, the potential implication of parental influence in density-related changes in life-history traits remains unclear in many insects that exhibit fluctuating population dynamics, particularly locusts. In this study, we report a laboratory experiment, which enabled us to characterize the life-history trait modifications induced by parental crowding of female individuals from a frequently outbreaking population of Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus) (Orthoptera: Acrididae).

Survival and maturation rates of the African rodent, Mastomys natalensis: density-dependence and rainfall.

Survival and maturation rates of female Mastomys natalensis were analysed based on a ten-year monthly capture-recapture data set. We investigated whether direct and delayed density dependent and independent (rainfall) variables accounted for the considerable variation in demographic traits. It was estimated that seasonal and annual covariates accounted for respectively 29 and 26% of the total variation in maturation rates and respectively 17 and 11% of the variation in survival rates.

Recruitment to a seabird population depends on environmental factors and on population size.

1. A novel capture-mark-recapture (CMR) method was used to build a multistate model of recruitment by young birds to a breeding population of common guillemots Uria aalge on the Isle of May, Scotland. Recruitment of a total of 2757 individually marked guillemots over 17 years was modelled as a process where individuals had to move from an unobservable state at sea, through a nonbreeding state present in the colony, to the breeding state.