Factors affecting wavelength-resolved ultraviolet irradiance indoors and their impacts on indoor photochemistry.

We measured wavelength-resolved ultraviolet (UV) irradiance in multiple indoor environments and quantified the effects of variables such as light source, solar angles, cloud cover, window type, and electric light color temperature on indoor photon fluxes. The majority of the 77 windows and window samples investigated completely attenuated sunlight at wavelengths shorter than 320 nm; despite variations among individual windows leading to differences in indoor HONO photolysis rate constants (J ) and local hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations of up to a factor of 50, wavelength-resolved transmittance was similar between windows in residential and non-residential buildings. We report mathematical relationships that predict indoor solar UV irradiance as a function of solar zenith angle, incident angle of sunlight on windows, and distance from windows and surfaces for direct and diffuse sunlight.

Stigmatization Behavior of Pre-Registration Nurses: Do the Self-Determined Psychological Needs Influence This?

Background/problem: Stigma and stigmatization are important concepts in the area of mental health and illness. Nursing and nurse education are continuously examining ways to understand and address the stigma toward people with a lived experience of mental illness. While the negative influence of stigma is understood, the variables that influence these behaviors are emerging.

Implementation of thromboprophylaxis guidelines.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains one of the leading direct causes of maternal death. Risk factors for VTE and prophylaxis guidelines have been highlighted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). A cross sectional study was completed in Cork University Maternity Hospital (CUMH) to determine pattern of VTE risk and compliance with 2004 RCOG guidelines.

Studies on the formation of glutathionylcobalamin: any free intracellular aquacobalamin is likely to be rapidly and irreversibly converted to glutathionylcobalamin.

A decade ago Jacobsen and co-workers reported the first evidence for the presence of glutathionylcobalamin (GSCbl) in mammalian cells and suggested that it could in fact be a precursor to the formation of the two coenzyme forms of vitamin B(12), adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin (Pezacka et al. Biochem. Biophys.

Early mobilisation for minimally displaced radial head fractures is desirable. A prospective randomised study of two protocols.

We compared two protocols of early mobilisation for minimally displaced radial head fractures through a single-blinded, prospective randomised trial. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to either immediate active mobilisation or 5-day delay before active mobilisation was commenced. Patients were reviewed at 7 days, 4 weeks and 3 months after injuries.

Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on the reaction between the vitamin B12 derivative beta-(N-methylimidazolyl)cobalamin and N-methylimidazole: ligand displacement at the alpha axial site of cobalamins.

The equilibria and kinetics of substitution of the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole at the alpha site of beta-(N-methylimidazolyl)cobalamin by N-methylimidazole have been investigated, and the product, bis(N-methylimidazolyl)cobalamin, has been characterized by visible and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The equilibrium constant for (N-MeIm)Cbl+ + N-MeIm right harpoon over left harpoon (N-MeIm)2Cbl+ was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy (9.6 +/- 0.