Placement of tibial intraosseous infusion devices.

Post-mortem preautopsy multidetector computed tomography was used to assess the placement of tibial intraosseous infusion needles in 52 cases of battlefield trauma deaths for which medical intervention included the use of the technique. In 58 (95%) of 61 needles, the tip was positioned in medullary bone. All 3 (5%) unsuccessful placements were in the left leg, and the needle was not directed perpendicular to the medial tibial cortex as recommended.

Feedback to the field: an assessment of sternal intraosseous (IO) infusion.

Intraosseous vascular infusion (IO) is a recognized alternative to peripheral intravenous infusion when access is inadequate. The sternum and proximal tibia are the preferred sites. A review of 98 cases at autopsy revealed successful sternal IO placement in 78 cases (80%).

Fexofenadine effects on cognitive performance in aviators at ground level and simulated altitude.

Introduction: Antihistamines are used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms. However, the cognitive effects of some antihistamines can dramatically impair individuals in occupations that require sustained vigilance.

Methods: The cognitive effects of fexofenadine were compared to a placebo (passive control) and cetirizine (active control) in healthy naval flight personnel.

Chiral dioxolane inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis: structure-activity relationships and syntheses using asymmetric dihydroxylation.

1,3-Dioxolanes have been described as chiral inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (5LO). In the present work, this series has been developed further to provide agents which showed comparable or superior potency in vivo to ZD2138, a methoxytetrahydropyran inhibitor of 5LO, which is currently undergoing clinical evaluation. An asymmetric synthesis was developed to these dioxolanes based on asymmetric dihydroxylation.

Structure and activity relationships leading to the discovery of ICI D2138, a selective, potent and orally active inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase.

Structure and activity relationships of (methoxyalkyl)thiazole and 4-methoxytetrahydropyran series of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors are reviewed. One member of the 4-methoxytetrahydropyran series, 6-([fluoro-5-(4-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)phenoxy]methyl) -1- methylquinol-2-one (ICI D2138), is undergoing clinical evaluation.

Cryotherapy precision. Clinician's estimate of cryosurgical iceball lateral spread of freeze.

Objective: To examine physicians' ability to estimate the lateral spread of freeze (LSF) of a cryosurgical iceball using three techniques.

Design: A nonrandomized control trial of in vitro nitrous oxide cryosurgical procedures.

Setting: Primary care residency training programs.

Pre-clinical pharmacology of ICI D2138, a potent orally-active non-redox inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase.

1. This paper describes the pre-clinical pharmacology of ICI D2138, a potent orally-active non-redox inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase which is undergoing clinical evaluation. 2.

Methoxytetrahydropyrans. A new series of selective and orally potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.

Investigation of the SAR of the lead (methoxyalkyl)thiazole 1-[3-(naphth-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]-1-thiazol-2-ylprop yl methyl ether (1, ICI 211965) led to the methoxytetrahydropyrans, a new series of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LPO) inhibitors exemplified by the parent compound 4-[3-(naphth-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]-4- methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran (4f). In vitro 4f inhibited leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthesis in zymosan-stimulated plasma-free mouse macrophages and LTB4 synthesis in A-23187-stimulated human whole blood (IC50s 0.5 nM and 0.

Suspensory apparatus prosthesis in the horse. Part 1: In vitro mechanical properties.

Mechanical properties of equine suspensory apparatus preparations and three braided synthetic prostheses were evaluated in vitro. Force versus displacement plots and failure modes were recorded from single load-to-failure testing in 18 cadaver limbs before and after replacement of each suspensory apparatus with a prosthesis. Mean load at failure, energy to failure, and stiffness values of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prostheses were lower than those of the suspensory apparatus and aramid prosthesis.

Methoxyalkyl thiazoles: a novel series of potent, orally active and enantioselective inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase.

Methoxyalkyl thiazoles are novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors which are neither redox agents nor iron chelators and are exemplified by ICI211965 [1-(3-(naphth-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)-1-(thiazol-2-yl)prop yl methyl ether]. ICI211965 potently inhibits LTC4 synthesis in murine macrophages (IC50 = 0.0085 microM) and its selectivity with respect to cyclo-oxygenase (greater than 5800) is greater than any previously reported lipoxygenase inhibitor.

(Methoxyalkyl)thiazoles: a new series of potent, selective, and orally active 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors displaying high enantioselectivity.

(Methoxyalkyl)thiazoles are novel 5-lipoxygenase (5-LPO) inhibitors that are neither redox agents nor iron chelators. Consideration of a hypothetical model of the enzyme active site led to this series which is exemplified by 1-[3-(naphth-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]-1-(thiazol-2-yl)propy l methyl ether (2d, ICI211965). 2d inhibits cell-free guinea pig 5-LPO activity, LTC4 synthesis in plasma free mouse macrophages, and LTB4 synthesis in rat and human blood (IC50s 0.