A meta-analytic review of the relationship between cyber aggression and substance use.

Background: Prior research has demonstrated that various substances of abuse play a contributing role to acts of physical and verbal aggression. It is less clear if and to what extent substance use is associated with an increased risk in perpetrating cyber aggression, an emerging form of aggressive behavior that occurs through digital communication.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature resulted in 15 studies and 18 unique samples from which effect size estimates were calculated.

Cardiac Rehabilitation Is Essential in the COVID-19 Era: DELIVERING UNINTERRUPTED HEART CARE BASED ON THE CLEVELAND CLINIC EXPERIENCE.

The unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged how and whether patients with heart disease are able to safely access center-based exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This commentary provides an experience-based overview of how one health system quickly developed and applied inclusive policies to allow patients to have safe and effective access to exercise-based CR.

Lipids in the origin of intracellular detail and speciation in the Cambrian epoch and the significance of the last double bond of docosahexaenoic acid in cell signaling.

One of the great unanswered biological questions is the absolute necessity of the polyunsaturated lipid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) in retinal and neural tissues. Everything from the simple eye spot of dinoflagellates to cephalopods to every class of vertebrates uses DHA, yet it is abundant only in cold water marine food chains. Docosapentaenoic acids (DPAs; 22:5n-6 and especially 22:5n-3) are fairly plentiful in food chains yet cannot substitute for DHA.

Discerning Motivational Interviewing through a spiritual lens-discovering a Christian MI archetype and native MI language.

An overarching conceptual perspective on motivational interviewing (MI) captures how it evokes intrinsic motivation for change by relying on four key elements: establishing vision, exploring discrepancy, and building efficacy, which coalesce to resolve for change. We suggest that the Christian narrative and doctrines of creation, fall, and redemption, motivating repentance resolve, invoke these same motivating processes. In this paper we explore these parallels between MI and Christian doctrine and use empirical literature to suggest how secular and religious counselors can enhance their efforts to evoke intrinsic motivation for change with religious clients by employing their "native language" within this framework of MI process.

Using greenspace and nature exposure as an adjunctive treatment for opioid and substance use disorders: Preliminary evidence and potential mechanisms.

The demand for opioid medication to effectively treat pain has contributed to the surging opioid crisis, which is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. More than 100,000 people begin opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) annually, the standard pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder (OUD).

Every breath you take: Impacts of environmental dust exposure on intestinal barrier function-from the gut-lung axis to COVID-19.

As countries continue to industrialize, major cities experience diminished air quality, whereas rural populations also experience poor air quality from sources such as agricultural operations. These exposures to environmental pollution from both rural and populated/industrialized sources have adverse effects on human health. Although respiratory diseases (e.

Adherence to Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia: An Updated Systematic Review.

This article discusses information extracted from 53 studies that have measured adherence to cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia. There has been an increase in more complex and less biased methods for assessing adherence that move beyond simply asking the patients whether they have adhered to the intervention or not. There is a need for a consensus around how to measure adherence, if clinicians want to arrive at an estimate of optimal adherence.

Summary and Update on Behavioral Interventions for Improving Adherence with Positive Airway Pressure Treatment in Adults.

Continuous positive airway pressure (PAP) is still the most efficacious treatment for obstructive sleep apnea when used effectively. Since the availability of PAP 39 years ago there have been considerable technological advances, such as quieter, lighter and smaller machines with better humidification. However, adherence to treatment is still a major problem.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Responses and Predictors of Change in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: To determine the effect of aerobic exercise on maximal and submaximal cardiopulmonary responses and predictors of change in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Design: Single-center, parallel-group, rater-blind study.

Setting: Research laboratory.

Volumetric distribution of perivascular space in relation to mild cognitive impairment.

Vascular contributions to early cognitive decline are increasingly recognized, prompting further investigation into the nature of related changes in perivascular spaces (PVS). Using magnetic resonance imaging, we show that, compared to a cognitively normal sample, individuals with early cognitive dysfunction have altered PVS presence and distribution, irrespective of Amyloid-β. Surprisingly, we noted lower PVS presence in the anterosuperior medial temporal lobe (asMTL) (1.

Novel Organic Mineral Complex Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Changes in the Gut and Liver of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with the onset of gastrointestinal diseases, such as hepatic steatosis and gut inflammation. Prior research shows that a proprietary soil-derived organic mineral complex (OMC) prevents hyperglycemia, endotoxemia, and liver injury in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. The aim of this study was to further examine the effects of OMC on the liver and gastrointestinal health of these rats.

To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions.

Site-Level Variation in the Characteristics and Care of Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal.

Background And Objectives: Variation in pediatric medical care is common and contributes to differences in patient outcomes. Site-to-site variation in the characteristics and care of infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) has yet to be quantified. Our objective was to describe site-to-site variation in maternal-infant characteristics, infant management, and outcomes for infants with NOWS.

Higher or Lower Hemoglobin Transfusion Thresholds for Preterm Infants.

Background: Limited data suggest that higher hemoglobin thresholds for red-cell transfusions may reduce the risk of cognitive delay among extremely-low-birth-weight infants with anemia.

Methods: We performed an open, multicenter trial in which infants with a birth weight of 1000 g or less and a gestational age between 22 weeks 0 days and 28 weeks 6 days were randomly assigned within 48 hours after delivery to receive red-cell transfusions at higher or lower hemoglobin thresholds until 36 weeks of postmenstrual age or discharge, whichever occurred first. The primary outcome was a composite of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (cognitive delay, cerebral palsy, or hearing or vision loss) at 22 to 26 months of age, corrected for prematurity.

Sleep Apnea and Insomnia: Emerging Evidence for Effective Clinical Management.

Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) are the most common co-occurring sleep disorders and present many challenges to clinicians. This review provides an overview of the clinical challenges in the management of patients with COMISA, with a focus on recent evidence regarding the evaluation and treatment of COMISA. Innovations in the assessment of COMISA have used profile analyses or dimensional approaches to examine symptom clusters or symptom severity that could be particularly useful in the assessment of COMISA.

Mentalization for Offending Adult Males (MOAM): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate mentalization-based treatment for antisocial personality disorder in male offenders on community probation.

Background: Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), although associated with very significant health and social burden, is an under-researched mental disorder for which clinically effective and cost-effective treatment methods are urgently needed. No intervention has been established for prevention or as the treatment of choice for this disorder. Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) is a psychotherapeutic treatment that has shown some promising preliminary results for reducing personality disorder symptomatology by specifically targeting the ability to recognize and understand the mental states of oneself and others, an ability that is compromised in people with ASPD.

Regeneration and development. An amphibian call to arms.

Background: Unlike axolotls, the urodele Notophthalmus viridescens completes two metamorphoses and emerges from its aquatic environment to mate as a fully terrestrial adult. Larval and adult limb regeneration are commonly treated as roughly equivalent processes and, at least in part, as a recapitulation of embryonic development.

Results: We compared larval limb development to regeneration of both larval and adult forelimbs and found that there are substantial differences in developmental pattern among larvae and adults.

Evolving Stark Effect During Growth of Perovskite Nanocrystals Measured Using Transient Absorption.

Methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI) nanocrystals (NCs) are emerging materials for a range of optoelectronic applications. Photophysical characterization is typically limited to structurally stable NCs owing to the long timescales required for many spectroscopies, preventing the accurate measurement of NCs during growth. This is a particular challenge for non-linear spectroscopies such as transient absorption.

IL-12-Induced Immune Suppressive Deficit During CD8+ T-Cell Differentiation.

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by regulatory deficit in both the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments. We have shown that CD8+ T-cells associated with acute relapse of multiple sclerosis are significantly deficient in their immune suppressive ability. We hypothesized that distinct CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell (Tc) lineages, determined by cytokine milieu during naïve T-cell differentiation, may harbor differential ability to suppress effector CD4+ T-cells.

Quality of English inpatient mental health services for people with anxiety or depressive disorders: Findings and recommendations from the core audit of the National Clinical Audit of Anxiety and Depression.

Background: Clinical audit is a sustained cyclical quality improvement process seeking to improve patient care and outcomes by evaluating services against explicit standards and implementing necessary changes. National audits aim to improve population-level clinical care by identifying unwarranted variations and making recommendations for clinicians, managers and service commissioners. The National Clinical Audit of Anxiety and Depression aimed to improve clinical care for people admitted to English hospitals for treatment of anxiety and depression, to provide comparative data on quality of care, and to support local quality improvement initiatives by identifying and sharing examples of best practice.

Psychological interventions for acute psychiatric inpatients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Acute inpatient psychiatric wards are important yet challenging environments in which to implement psychological interventions for people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. No meta-analysis to date has evaluated whether psychological interventions are effective in this context.

Methods: We systematically searched Embase, Medline and PsycInfo databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions implemented in acute inpatient psychiatric settings with individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.