Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques ().

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a strain with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, making it a global human and veterinary health concern. Specifically, immunosuppressed patients have a remarkably higher risk of clinical MRSA infections with significantly increased rates of prolonged clinical recovery, morbidity, and mortality. The current treatment of choice for MRSA is vancomycin.

Correction: Mitigation of endemic GI-tract pathogen-mediated inflammation through development of multimodal treatment regimen and its impact on SIV acquisition in rhesus macaques.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.

Evaluation of a city-wide physical activity pathway for people affected by cancer: the Active Everyday service.

Purpose: The primary goal of this article is to present an evaluation of a UK-based city-wide physical activity pathway for patients with a cancer diagnosis, the Active Everyday service. Active Everyday was a co-produced physical activity service for people affected by cancer. The service was underpinned by a behaviour change care pathway model developed by Macmillan Cancer Support charity.

Allied health professional's self-reported competences and confidence to deliver physical activity advice to cancer patients at a single Centre in England.

Purpose: Allied Health Professionals (AHPs) are well placed to deliver physical activity advice but this is currently not routine clinical practice. Increasing evidence demonstrates physical activity can improve quality-of-life for people affected by cancer, enable behaviour change, improve survival and reduce long-term treatment effects. We aimed to understand AHPs' current knowledge and practice in advising about physical activity.

Co-designed weight management intervention for women recovering from oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer.

Background: Weight gain is commonly observed during and after breast cancer treatment and is associated with poorer survival outcomes, particularly in women with oestrogen receptor-positive (ER +) disease. The aim of this study was to co-design (with patients) a programme of tailored, personalised support (intervention), including high-quality support materials, to help female breast cancer patients (BCPs) with ER + disease to develop the skills and confidence needed for sustainable weight loss.  METHODS: ER + BCPs were recruited from two UK National Health Service (NHS) Trusts.

The experiences and perceptions of female breast cancer patients regarding weight management during and after treatment for oestrogen-receptor positive disease: a qualitative study.

Background: Weight gain is commonly observed during and after breast cancer treatment and is associated with poorer survival outcomes, notably in women with oestrogen-receptor positive disease. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the experiences and perceptions of oestrogen-receptor positive (ER +) female breast cancer patients (BCPs) regarding weight management behaviours during and after treatment. Secondly, to gain insight into the experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding the provision of weight management advice to patients undergoing treatment.

Time to embed physical activity within usual care in cancer services: A qualitative study of cancer healthcare professionals' views at a single centre in England.

Purpose: An increasing number of people affected by cancer (PABC) are living longer lives as treatment continues to advance. There is growing evidence for physical activity (PA) supporting health in this population before, during and after cancer treatment, but PA advice is not part of usual care. This study investigates views of frontline oncology healthcare professionals (HCPs) in one NHS teaching hospital in England to understand the role of PA advice across cancer services.

Optimization and use of near infrared imaging to guide lymph node collection in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Background: Identification of lymph nodes (LNs) draining a specific site or in obese macaques can be challenging.

Methods: Indocyanine Green (ICG) was administered intradermal (ID), intramuscular, in the oral mucosa, or subserosal in the colon followed by Near Infrared (NIR) imaging.

Results: After optimization to maximize LN identification, intradermal ICG was successful in identifying 50-100% of the axillary/inguinal LN at a site.

Antimicrobial prophylaxis does not improve post-surgical outcomes in SIV/SHIV-uninfected or SIV/SHIV-infected macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis) based on a retrospective analysis.

Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis is indicated when performing contaminated surgeries, when specific surgical implants are placed, and for prolonged surgical procedures. Unnecessary prophylactic antibiotics are often utilized for macaque surgeries, despite medical and veterinary guidelines. In this study we compared complication rates in macaques receiving peripheral lymph node (PLN) and laparoscopic biopsies, with and without antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Suppression of human and simian immunodeficiency virus replication with the CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab in two species.

The CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab is being investigated as a novel immunotherapy that can suppress HIV replication with minimal side effects. Here we studied the virological and immunological consequences of Leronlimab in chronically CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infected humans (n = 5) on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in ART-naïve acutely CCR5-tropic SHIV infected rhesus macaques (n = 4). All five human participants transitioned from daily combination ART to self-administered weekly subcutaneous (SC) injections of 350 mg or 700 mg Leronlimab and to date all participants have sustained virologic suppression for over seven years.

The Active Hospital pilot: A qualitative study exploring the implementation of a Trust-wide Sport and Exercise Medicine-led physical activity intervention.

Background: In 2017 Public Health England and Sport England commissioned a Consultant-led Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) pilot to test the feasibility and acceptability of embedding physical activity interventions in secondary care clinical pathways. The aim of this paper is to report qualitative findings exploring the experience of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients involved in the Active Hospital pilot.

Methods: Qualitative data was collected by semi-structured interviews with Active Hospital pilot SEM Consultants, and staff and patients involved in three clinical pathways.

Mitigation of endemic GI-tract pathogen-mediated inflammation through development of multimodal treatment regimen and its impact on SIV acquisition in rhesus macaques.

Here, we assessed the efficacy of a short-course multimodal therapy (enrofloxacin, azithromycin, fenbendazole, and paromomycin) to eliminate common macaque endemic pathogens (EPs) and evaluated its impact on gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota, mucosal integrity, and local and systemic inflammation in sixteen clinically healthy macaques. Treatment combined with expanded practices resulted in successful maintenance of rhesus macaques (RM) free of common EPs, with no evidence of overt microbiota diversity loss or dysbiosis and instead resulted in a more defined luminal microbiota across study subjects. Creation of a GI pathogen free (GPF) status resulted in improved colonic mucosal barrier function (histologically, reduced colonic MPO+, and reduced pan-bacterial 16s rRNA in the MLN), reduced local and systemic innate and adaptive inflammation with reduction of colonic Mx1 and pSTAT1, decreased intermediate (CD14+CD16+) and non-classical monocytes (CD14-CD16+), reduced populations of peripheral dendritic cells, Ki-67+ and CD38+ CD4+ T cells, Ki-67+IgG+, and Ki-67+IgD+ B cells indicating lower levels of background inflammation in the distal descending colon, draining mesenteric lymph nodes, and systemically in peripheral blood, spleen, and axillary lymph nodes.

Non-bronchoscopic Bronchoalveolar Lavage as a Refinement for Safely Obtaining High-quality Samples from Macaques.

Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NB-BAL) is a minimally invasive diagnostic and research tool used to sample the cells of lower airways and alveoli without using a bronchoscope. Our study compared NB-BAL and bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (B-BAL) in terms of costs, cell yields, and the number of post-procedural complications in macaques. We also analyzed procedure times, BAL fluid volume yields, and vital signs in a subset of animals that underwent NB-BAL.

Understanding the experience of initiating community-based group physical activity by people with serious mental illness: A systematic review using a meta-ethnographic approach.

Background: People living with serious mental illness (SMI) experience debilitating symptoms that worsen their physical health and quality of life. Regular physical activity (PA) may bring symptomatic improvements and enhance wellbeing. When undertaken in community-based group settings, PA may yield additional benefits such as reduced isolation.

The patient experience of radiotherapy for breast cancer: A qualitative investigation as part of the SuPPORT 4 All study.

Introduction: Breast cancer is a global health problem with 2.09 million cases of breast cancer diagnosed worldwide in 2018. With an increase in breast cancer survival attention has now focussed on the impact treatment side effects can have on the quality of life for women during survivorship.

An integrated model of exercise support for people affected by cancer: consensus through scoping.

Introduction: Exercise support for people with cancer is a national priority. The purpose of this study was to identify the success factors necessary to create a model of exercise support for people affected by cancer in a large city in the north of England.

Method: Two groups of participants were recruited; people affected by cancer ( = 26) and professional stakeholders ( = 14) contributing to either focus groups or semi-structured interviews.

Identification of Research Priorities in Exercise Oncology: A Consensus Study.

The growth of research in the field of exercise oncology has resulted in a large evidence base for the role of physical activity in preventing and managing cancer outcomes. Nonetheless, there remain many unanswered questions across the multidisciplinary field. This study aimed to determine the priority research questions within exercise oncology using a systematic consensus method.

Exploring the feasibility of an exercise programme including aerobic and resistance training in people with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis.

Objectives: It is suggested that exercise can improve the vascular function and quality of life (QoL) in people with systemic sclerosis (SSc), potentially offering clinical benefits to this population. Yet the feasibility of such an intervention remains untested. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of a combined exercise protocol (aerobic and resistance training) in people with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc).

Participant experiences in a feasibility trial of supervised exercise training in adults with venous leg ulcers: A qualitative study.

Exercise training can improve lower-limb cutaneous microvascular reactivity in adults with venous leg ulceration; however, there is a lack of research on patients' views about the acceptability and feasibility of exercise interventions. The aim of this study was to explore participants' experiences of the trial "Exploring the Feasibility of Implementing a Supervised Exercise Training and Compression Hosiery Intervention in Patients with Venous Ulceration" (FISCU). Semi-structured face-to-face and telephone interviews were used to investigate participants' experiences (n = 16) of taking part in the FISCU trial.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing workplace health and wellbeing services in the NHS from the perspective of senior leaders and wellbeing practitioners: a qualitative study.

Background: The National Health Service (NHS) seems appropriately placed to be an exemplar employer in providing effective and proactive workplace health and wellbeing services for its staff. However, NHS staff sickness absence costs an estimated £2.4 billion.

Investigating the effectiveness and feasibility of exercise on microvascular reactivity and quality of life in systemic sclerosis patients: study protocol for a feasibility study.

Background: Raynaud's phenomenon is one of the first clinical manifestations observed in systemic sclerosis (SSc). This microvasculature disorder affects mostly the digits in over 95% of SSc patients, significantly affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and incurring higher hospital admissions and other healthcare costs. Exercise is known to improve both micro- and macrovascular function - aerobic exercise and resistance training, separately or combined, have been demonstrated to lead to significant vasculo-physiological improvements in conditions that present vasculopathy.

The effects of upper and lower limb exercise on the microvascular reactivity in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis patients.

Background: Aerobic exercise in general and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) specifically is known to improve vascular function in a range of clinical conditions. HIIT in particular has demonstrated improvements in clinical outcomes, in conditions that have a strong macroangiopathic component. Nevertheless, the effect of HIIT on microcirculation in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients is yet to be investigated.

Validation of an Arm Crank Ergometer Test for Use in Sedentary Adults.

The maximal oxygen uptake (V̇Opeak) test is an approved pre-operative examination tool, in a clinical setting: Both V̇Opeak and anaerobic threshold indicate a patient's physiological tolerance for major surgery and post-operative mortality, with cycle ergometry being routinely used for V̇Opeak tests in clinical settings, in many European countries. Nevertheless, the opportunities to assess populations with restricted mobility of the lower limbs are limited, as alternative methods (such as an arm-crank test protocol) to assess V̇Opeak are yet to be established. Twelve sedentary middle-aged adults (55.

Supervised exercise training as an adjunct therapy for venous leg ulcers: a randomized controlled feasibility trial.

Background: Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are typically painful and heal slowly. Compression therapy offers high healing rates; however, improvements are not usually sustained. Exercise is a low-cost, low-risk and effective strategy for improving physical and mental health.