In Memoriam: Professor Joseph Biederman's Contributions to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Objective: To provide an overview of Joe Biederman's contributions to child and adolescent psychiatry.

Method: Nine colleagues described his contributions to: psychopharmacology, comorbidity and genetics, pediatric bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, Tourette's and tic disorders, clinical and neuro biomarkers for pediatric mood disorders, executive functioning, and adult ADHD.

Results: Joe Biederman left us with many concrete indicators of his contributions to child and adolescent psychiatry.

Can Adverse Event Patterns Inform Shared Decision-Making in ADHD Treatment? A Systematic Review of Evidence From Registration Trials for FDA-Approved Treatments in Adults.

Introduction: Adult patients and clinicians are faced with several pharmacological options to manage attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). If types or rates of adverse experiences vary among these options, these differences could inform the shared decision-making process.

Methods: To discern differentiating evidence-based patterns of risk, we analyzed data from FDA package labels for drugs approved to treat adult ADHD and reports from the registration trials used to create these labels.

Who Provides Outpatient Clinical Care for Adults With ADHD? Analysis of Healthcare Claims by Types of Providers Among Private Insurance and Medicaid Enrollees, 2021.

Objective: To characterize provider types delivering outpatient care overall and through telehealth to U.S. adults with ADHD.

Comparing Pharmacotherapies for ADHD in Adults: Evidence From Outcome-Focused Analysis of Food and Drug Administration Drug Label Registration Trials.

Objective: We appraised whether FDA registration trials for ADHD pharmacotherapy in adults provides comparable information to inform treatment expectations.

Method: Comparison of ADHD outcome measure patterns in ADHD pharmacotherapy FDA drug label source studies.

Results: Among stimulants, from fixed-dose titration data, amphetamine agents had numerically higher placebo-corrected symptom improvement and symptom effect sizes than methylphenidate agents.

Treating Executive Function in Youth With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions.

Introduction: Executive function (EF) deficits are common in youth with ADHD and pose significant functional impairments. The extent and effect of interventions addressing EF in youth with ADHD remain unclear.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review using PRISMA guidelines.

Do ADHD Treatments Improve Executive Behavior Beyond Core ADHD Symptoms in Adults? Evidence From Systematic Analysis of Clinical Trials.

We sought to understand the effect of current treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on executive functioning deficits, which are often comorbid with ADHD, via a systematic analysis of adult ADHD treatment studies evaluating change in behavioral measures beyond the core symptoms of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ADHD. The standardized mean difference for behavioral measures of executive functioning was determined from controlled trials of adults with ADHD and compared with effects on core ADHD symptoms. Several studies of atomoxetine revealed small to large standardized mean differences.

Do Treatments for Adult ADHD Improve Emotional Behavior? A Systematic Review and Analysis.

Objective: Dysregulated emotional behavior occurs often in adults with ADHD. Analysis of clinical trials may guide clinical intervention and future research.

Method: Controlled trials of adult ADHD measuring emotional behavior were included if another study offered a comparable analysis of the same treatment method.

Understanding the Impact of Stimulants on Sleep in ADHD: Evidence from Systematic Assessment of Sleep in Adults.

Stimulants are widely prescribed to manage attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Stimulants promote wakefulness and can produce insomnia side effects. We hypothesized that systematic studies of sleep effects would reveal patterns of sleep impairment that may be important for clinicians to monitor and manage.

Effect of a Multilayer, Extended-Release Methylphenidate Formulation (PRC-063) on Sleep in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Fixed-Dose, Placebo-Controlled Trial Followed by a 6-Month Open-Label Follow-Up.

We analyzed patient-reported sleep parameters for an extended-release methylphenidate formulation (PRC-063) in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical efficacy and long-term safety/tolerability data from a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study (NCT02139111) and a subsequent 6-month, optimized-dose, open-label extension (OLE) study (NCT02168127) were used. In the double-blind study, participants were randomly assigned 1:1:1:1:1 to one of four doses of PRC-063 (25, 45, 70, or 85 mg/day) or placebo.

Managing Sleep in Adults with ADHD: From Science to Pragmatic Approaches.

Background: Sleep disorders and sleep problems commonly occur in adults with ADHD and add to functional impairment. Evidence-based treatments for sleep could improve function in the adult ADHD population.

Methods: A literature review was conducted to present the clinical science informing treatment of sleep in adults with ADHD.

Effect of a Multi-Layer, Extended-Release Methylphenidate Formulation (PRC-063) on Sleep in Adults with ADHD: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Forced-Dose, Placebo-Controlled Trial Followed by a 6-month Open-Label Extension.

Background: The effects of stimulant treatment on sleep in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are complex and varied, with some individuals experiencing worsening of sleep but others experiencing improvement.

Methods: Data from previously reported trials of the clinical efficacy and safety of the long-acting methylphenidate formulation PRC-063 (Adhansia XR in the USA; Foquest in Canada) in adults with ADHD were used to evaluate patient-reported sleep outcomes, as captured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and adverse events of insomnia. The trials comprised 4 weeks of randomized, forced-dose PRC-063 treatment at a dose of 0 (placebo), 25, 45, 70, or 100 mg/day followed by an optional 6 months of open-label PRC-063 treatment at an individually optimized dose of 25-100 mg/day.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Improves Cognitive Control in Patients With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Behavioral and Neurophysiological Study.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality that may affect over 5% of children and approximately 2.8% of adults worldwide. Pharmacological and behavioral therapies for ADHD exist, but critical symptoms such as dysexecutive deficits remain unaffected.

L-Threonic Acid Magnesium Salt Supplementation in ADHD: An Open-Label Pilot Study.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is estimated to affect up to 5% of adults worldwide. Preclinical work demonstrates that L-Threonic Acid Magnesium Salt (LTAMS) administration is associated with neurobiological and neurofunctional effects that could offer clinical benefits in ADHD treatment. Participants were 15 adults with ADHD of moderate severity.

Toward operationalizing deficient emotional self-regulation in newly referred adults with ADHD: A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis.

Background: A growing body of research suggests that deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) is common and morbid among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. The main aim of the present study was to assess whether high and low levels of DESR in adult ADHD patients can be operationalized and whether they are clinically useful.

Methods: A total of 441 newly referred 18- to 55-year-old adults of both sexes with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fifth Edition (DSM-5) ADHD completed self-reported rating scales.

A prospective open-label trial of long-acting liquid methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in intellectually capable adults with autism spectrum disorder.

This treatment trial is aimed at assessing the short-term tolerability and efficacy of liquid-formulation extended-release methylphenidate (MPH-ER) for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD). A 6-week open-label trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02096952) was conducted in 15 HF-ASD adults (mean age 24.

Post-Hoc Analyses of the Effects of Baseline Sleep Quality on SHP465 Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended-Release Treatment Response in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: Sleep problems are common in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The presence of sleep problems at the time of presentation for ADHD treatment could impact the level of improvement in ADHD symptoms or executive function occurring with ADHD pharmacotherapy. Therefore, we examined the influence of baseline sleep quality on the effects of SHP465 mixed amphetamine salts (MAS) extended-release.

Slow Processing Speed and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence for Differentiation of Functional Correlates.

The association between slow processing speed and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), a phenotype described within attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) samples over the past decade, remains unclear. We examined whether SCT and processing speed predict different functional correlates within children and adolescents with ADHD. Participants were 193 clinically-referred youth meeting DSM ADHD criteria without comorbid conditions (mean age = 9.

Does L-Methylfolate Supplement Methylphenidate Pharmacotherapy in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?: Evidence of Lack of Benefit From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose/background: Interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be inadequate for some patients. There is evidence that supplementation with L-methylfolate augments antidepressant agent effects and thus might also augment ADHD treatment effects by a common catecholaminergic mechanism.

Methods: Forty-four adults with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition diagnosis of ADHD participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week trial of 15 mg of L-methylfolate in combination with osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate.