Self-collection of specimens for nucleic acid-based diagnosis of pharyngeal, cervicovaginal, urethral, and rectal Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections.

Commercially available nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis detection allow for self-collection including home-based collection from multiple anatomic sites such as the urethra, cervicovagina, rectum, and pharynx. Verification studies need to be done prior to processing pharyngeal and rectal specimens. We review specimen collection and test characteristics of NAATs at different anatomical sites.

BG1 has a major role in MHC-linked resistance to malignant lymphoma in the chicken.

Pathogen selection is postulated to drive MHC allelic diversity at loci for antigen presentation. However, readily apparent MHC infectious disease associations are rare in most species. The strong link between MHC-B haplotype and the occurrence of virally induced tumors in the chicken provides a means for defining the relationship between pathogen selection and MHC polymorphism.