TENDINopathy Severity Assessment - Achilles (TENDINS-A): Development and Content Validity Assessment of a New Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Achilles Tendinopathy.

To develop a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) assessing TENDINopathy Severity of the Achilles (TENDINS-Achilles) and evaluate its content validity. Mixed-methods, modified Delphi. We performed 1 round of semistructured one-on-one interview responses with professionals and patients, for initial item generation.

ICON 2019-International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus: There are nine core health-related domains for tendinopathy (CORE DOMAINS): Delphi study of healthcare professionals and patients.

Background: The absence of any agreed-upon tendon health-related domains hampers advances in clinical tendinopathy research. This void means that researchers report a very wide range of outcome measures inconsistently. As a result, substantial synthesis/meta-analysis of tendon research findings is almost futile despite researchers publishing busily.

ICON PART-T 2019-International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus: recommended standards for reporting participant characteristics in tendinopathy research (PART-T).

We aimed to establish consensus for reporting recommendations relating to participant characteristics in tendon research. A scoping literature review of tendinopathy studies (Achilles, patellar, hamstring, gluteal and elbow) was followed by an online survey and face-to-face consensus meeting with expert healthcare professionals (HCPs) at the International Scientific Tendon Symposium, Groningen 2018. We reviewed 263 papers to form statements for consensus and invited 30 HCPs from different disciplines and geographical locations; 28 completed the survey and 15 attended the meeting.

Isometric Exercise to Reduce Pain in Patellar Tendinopathy In-Season: Is It Effective "on the Road"?

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of an isometric squat exercise using a portable belt, on patellar tendon pain and function, in athletes during their competitive season.

Design: Case series with no requirements to change any aspect of games or training. The object of this pragmatic study was to investigate this intervention in addition to "usual management.

Oral Supplementation of Specific Collagen Peptides Combined with Calf-Strengthening Exercises Enhances Function and Reduces Pain in Achilles Tendinopathy Patients.

The current pilot study investigates whether oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides improves symptoms and tendon vascularisation in patients with chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy in combination with structured exercise. Participants were given a placebo or specific collagen peptides (TENDOFORTE) in combination with a bi-daily calf-strengthening program for 6 months. Group AB received specific collagen peptides for the first 3 months before crossing over to placebo.

Effects of Altering Trunk Position during Landings on Patellar Tendon Force and Pain.

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the immediate effects of altering sagittal plane trunk position during jump landings on lower limb biomechanics, patellar tendon force, and pain of athletes with and without patellar tendinopathy.

Methods: Twenty-one elite male athletes were categorized into three groups: athletes with patellar tendinopathy (TG; n = 7), asymptomatic athletes with patellar tendon abnormalities (n = 7), and asymptomatic athletes without tendon abnormalities (CG; n = 7). A biomechanical evaluation was conducted while the athletes performed drop landings from a bench in a self-selected trunk position (SS).

Asymptomatic players with a patellar tendon abnormality do not adapt their landing mechanics when fatigued.

This study aimed to explore how asymptomatic athletes with a patellar tendon abnormality (PTA), who are at high risk of developing patellar tendinopathy, alter their landing technique and net patellar tendon loads generated in response to fatigue. Seven asymptomatic players with a PTA performed five successful vertical stop-jump trials before and after a fatigue protocol. Fatigue protocol involved participants repeatedly performing sets of 30 submaximal jump exercises on a sledge apparatus followed by 30 s rest until the task failure criteria were reached.

Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy: Clinical Aspects of Assessment and Management.

Synopsis Proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) typically manifests as deep buttock pain at the hamstring common origin. Both athletic and nonathletic populations are affected by PHT. Pain and dysfunction are often long-standing and limit sporting and daily functions.

Tendon neuroplastic training: changing the way we think about tendon rehabilitation: a narrative review.

Tendinopathy can be resistant to treatment and often recurs, implying that current treatment approaches are suboptimal. Rehabilitation programmes that have been successful in terms of pain reduction and return to sport outcomes usually include strength training. Muscle activation can induce analgesia, improving self-efficacy associated with reducing one's own pain.

Patellar Tendinopathy: Clinical Diagnosis, Load Management, and Advice for Challenging Case Presentations.

Synopsis The hallmark features of patellar tendinopathy are (1) pain localized to the inferior pole of the patella and (2) load-related pain that increases with the demand on the knee extensors, notably in activities that store and release energy in the patellar tendon. While imaging may assist in differential diagnosis, the diagnosis of patellar tendinopathy remains clinical, as asymptomatic tendon pathology may exist in people who have pain from other anterior knee sources. A thorough examination is required to diagnose patellar tendinopathy and contributing factors.

Isometric exercise induces analgesia and reduces inhibition in patellar tendinopathy.

Background: Few interventions reduce patellar tendinopathy (PT) pain in the short term. Eccentric exercises are painful and have limited effectiveness during the competitive season. Isometric and isotonic muscle contractions may have an immediate effect on PT pain.

Forearm position's alteration of radial-head impingement on wrist-extensor tendons.

Context: Lateral epicondylalgia, pain at the lateral elbow, is commonly associated with extensor carpi radialis brevis tendinopathy. The radial head, which abuts the extensor tendons and is elliptical in shape, may affect the extensor tendons during pronation of the forearm. Cadaverous studies have shown that the radial head may act as a cam in pronation, to offer a mechanical advantage to the common extensor tendon and to mitigate load on the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon.

The pain of tendinopathy: physiological or pathophysiological?

Tendon pain remains an enigma. Many clinical features are consistent with tissue disruption-the pain is localised, persistent and specifically associated with tendon loading, whereas others are not-investigations do not always match symptoms and painless tendons can be catastrophically degenerated. As such, the question 'what causes a tendon to be painful?' remains unanswered.

Relationship between compressive loading and ECM changes in tendons.

Tendons are designed to absorb and transfer large amounts of tensile load. The well organised, strong yet flexible, extracellular matrix allows for this function. Many tendons are also subject to compressive loads, such as at the entheses, as the tendon wraps around bony protuberances or from internal compression during tensile loading or twisting.

Alterations to landing technique and patellar tendon loading in response to fatigue.

Purpose: Fatigue may contribute to knee joint injuries, such as patellar tendinopathy, by increasing joint loading and altering lower limb landing technique, which in turn may increase tissue loading. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lower limb muscle fatigue on the landing technique and patellar tendon loads generated during the horizontal and vertical landing phases of a stop-jump task. It was hypothesized that muscle fatigue would increase patellar tendon loading and alter the landing technique displayed during the horizontal, but not the vertical, landing phase of the stop-jump task.

Sports and exercise-related tendinopathies: a review of selected topical issues by participants of the second International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium (ISTS) Vancouver 2012.

In September 2010, the first International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium (ISTS) was held in Umeå, Sweden, to establish a forum for original scientific and clinical insights in this growing field of clinical research and practice. The second ISTS was organised by the same group and held in Vancouver, Canada, in September 2012. This symposium was preceded by a round-table meeting in which the participants engaged in focused discussions, resulting in the following overview of tendinopathy clinical and research issues.

The time course of in vivo recovery of transverse strain in high-stress tendons following exercise.

Objective: To evaluate the time course of the recovery of transverse strain in the Achilles and patellar tendon following a bout of resistance exercise.

Methods: Seventeen healthy adults underwent sonographic examination of the right patellar (n=9) and Achilles (n=8) tendons immediately prior to and following 90 repetitions of weight-bearing quadriceps and gastrocnemius-resistance exercise performed against an effective resistance of 175% and 250% body weight, respectively. Sagittal tendon thickness was determined 20 mm from the enthesis and transverse strain, as defined by the stretch ratio, was repeatedly monitored over a 24 h recovery period.

The acute transverse strain response of the patellar tendon to quadriceps exercise.

Introduction: The human patellar tendon is highly adaptive to changes in habitual loading, but little is known about its acute mechanical response to exercise. This research evaluated the immediate transverse strain response of the patellar tendon to a bout of resistive quadriceps exercise.

Methods: Twelve healthy adult males (mean age, 34.

Lower limb movement symmetry cannot be assumed when investigating the stop-jump landing.

Purpose: When investigating lower limb landing biomechanics, researchers often assume movement symmetry between a participant's right and left lower limbs for the simplicity of data collection and analysis, although landing tasks often involve dual-limb motion. However, whether lower limb symmetry can be assumed when investigating dynamic, sport-specific movements such as the stop-jump has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether there were any significant differences in selected kinetic, kinematic, and muscle activation patterns characterizing lower limb biomechanics displayed by the dominant limb compared with the nondominant limb of participants during a stop-jump task.