Updated resources for exploring experimentally-determined PDB structures and Computed Structure Models at the RCSB Protein Data Bank.

The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB, RCSB.org), the US Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB, wwPDB.org) data center for the global PDB archive, provides access to the PDB data via its RCSB.

Retrospective cumulative dietary risk assessment of craniofacial alterations by residues of pesticides.

In 2022, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) conducted a dietary cumulative risk assessment for active substances of plant protection products on two types of craniofacial alterations: 1) craniofacial alterations due to abnormal skeletal development and 2) head soft tissue alterations and brain neural tube defects. These effects were selected based on developmental biology knowledge and a hypothetical teratogenic process. Cumulative risk assessment was conducted for 14 European populations of women in childbearing age.

Cutaneous melanoma in situ: a review.

Cutaneous melanoma in situ (MIS), also known as 'stage 0 melanoma', is a collection of malignant melanocytes in the epidermis and epithelial adnexa, without evidence of microinvasion to the papillary dermis. Distinct histologic subtypes include lentigo maligna (LM), superficial spreading (SS) MIS and acral lentiginous (AL) MIS. LM is the most common subtype, usually diagnosed later in life (median age at diagnosis of 66-72 years) and associated with cumulative ultraviolet radiation exposure.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in British troops following jungle training in Belize: Cumulative incidence and potential risk practices.

Background: British soldiers undergoing jungle training in Belize typically experience a relatively low risk of developing cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, an uncharacteristically large outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred in 2022. This study aimed to determine the cumulative incidence of the disease and highlight potential shortcomings in personal protective measures to mitigate exposure to sand fly vector bites.

Akrivia Health Database-deep patient characterisation using a secondary mental healthcare dataset in England and Wales: cohort profile.

Purpose: The Akrivia Health cohort was created to extract data from electronic health records in secondary mental health and dementia care services in England and Wales. The data are anonymised, structured and harmonised from the source electronic health records across a range of information technology systems, enabling for unified, privacy-preserving access for research purposes.

Participants: The cohort contains data from electronic health records for over 4.

Key role of the TM2-TM3 loop in calcium potentiation of the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

The α9α10 nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated pentameric cation-permeable ion channel that mediates synaptic transmission between descending efferent neurons and mechanosensory inner ear hair cells. When expressed in heterologous systems, α9 and α10 subunits can assemble into functional homomeric α9 and heteromeric α9α10 receptors. One of the differential properties between these nAChRs is the modulation of their ACh-evoked responses by extracellular calcium (Ca).

Diploid and triploid Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exhibit differential immunological responses to acute thermal stress.

Exposure to temperatures outside of a fish's optimal range results in suppression of the immune system, ultimately leaving aquaculture stocks susceptible to disease outbreaks. This effect is exacerbated in triploid fishes, which demonstrate greater susceptibility to stress than their diploid counterparts. This study investigates the impacts of acute heat stress on the abundance of immune transcripts and proteins in diploid and triploid Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), an important finfish crop.

Estimating the causal effects of income on health: how researchers' definitions of "income" matter.

Background: There is a well-established cross-sectional association between income and health, but estimates of the causal effects of income vary substantially. Different definitions of income may lead to substantially different empirical results, yet research is often framed as investigating "the effect of income" as if it were a single, easily definable construct.

Methods/results: The aim of this paper is to introduce a taxonomy for definitional and conceptual issues in studying individual- or household-level income for health research.

Relegated to the Sidelines: A Qualitative Inquiry of Gatekeepers' Perspectives and Values of Physical Education for Disabled Children.

Several institutional aspects within the U.S. public school system impede the delivery of adapted physical education (APE) services to disabled children, including a lack of understanding and prioritization of these services by the special education team and a lack of qualified APE professionals to deliver these services.

Evaluating the influence of taxation and social security policies on psychological distress: A microsimulation study of the UK during the COVID-19 economic crisis.

Economic determinants are important for population health, but actionable evidence of how policies can utilise these pathways remains scarce. This study employs a microsimulation framework to evaluate the effects of taxation and social security policies on population mental health. The UK economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic provides an informative context involving an economic shock accompanied by one of the strongest discretionary fiscal responses amongst OECD countries.

National epidemiology of digital papillary adenocarcinoma in England 2013-2020: a population-based registry study.

Background: Digital papillary adenocarcinoma (DPA), formerly known as aggressive DPA, is a rare adnexal cancer of sweat gland differentiation with metastatic potential. DPA epidemiology and patient outcome data are prerequisites for developing diagnostic and therapeutic guidance, which are lacking for this rare cancer.

Objectives: To report the incidence, patient demographics and treatment of patients with DPA in England from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2020 using national cancer registry data.

Inclusive Research Environments for Deaf and Hard of Hearing English Speakers.

In recent years, an increasing number of deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) undergraduates have chosen to study in STEM fields and pursue careers in research. Yet, very little research has been undertaken on the barriers and inclusive experiences often faced by D/HH undergraduates who prefer to use spoken English in research settings, instead of American Sign Language (ASL). To identify barriers and inclusive strategies, we studied six English speaking D/HH undergraduate students working in research laboratories with their eight hearing mentors, and their three hearing peers sharing their experiences.

Venlafaxine exposure alters mitochondrial respiration and mitomiR abundance in zebrafish brains.

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent often releases pharmaceuticals like venlafaxine (a serotonin-norephinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant) to freshwater ecosystems at levels causing adverse metabolic effects on fish. Changes to fish metabolism can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms like microRNA (small RNA molecules that regulate mRNA translation), including regulating mitochondrial mRNAs. Nuclear-encoded microRNAs regulate mitochondrial gene expression in mammals, and have predicted effects in fish.

Oxygen consumption rate during recovery from loss of equilibrium induced by warming, hypoxia, or exhaustive exercise in rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum).

Animals routinely encounter environmental (e.g., high temperatures and hypoxia) as well as physiological perturbations (e.

A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance.

The UK Medical Research Council's widely used guidance for developing and evaluating complex interventions has been replaced by a new framework, commissioned jointly by the Medical Research Council and the National Institute for Health Research, which takes account of recent developments in theory and methods and the need to maximise the efficiency, use, and impact of research.

Climate warming shifts riverine macroinvertebrate communities to be more sensitive to chemical pollutants.

Freshwaters are highly threatened ecosystems that are vulnerable to chemical pollution and climate change. Freshwater taxa vary in their sensitivity to chemicals and changes in species composition can potentially affect the sensitivity of assemblages to chemical exposure. Here we explore the potential consequences of future climate change on the composition and sensitivity of freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages to chemical stressors using the UK as a case study.

Impact of turbidity on the gill morphology and hypoxia tolerance of eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida).

Anthropogenic stressors such as agriculture and urbanization can increase river turbidity, which can negatively impact fish gill morphology and growth due to reduced oxygen in the benthic environment. We assessed the gill morphology, field metabolic rate (FMR), and two hypoxia tolerance metrics (oxygen partial pressure at loss of equilibrium, PO at LOE, and critical oxygen tension, P) of eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida), a small benthic fish listed as threatened under the Species at Risk Act in Canada, from rivers in southern Ontario. Field trials were conducted streamside in the Grand River (August 2019; mean NTU 8) and in the comparatively more turbid Thames River (August 2020; mean NTU 94) to test the effect of turbidity on each physiological endpoint.

A preoperative package of care for osteoarthritis, consisting of weight loss, orthotics, rehabilitation, and topical and oral analgesia (OPPORTUNITY): a two-centre, open-label, randomised controlled feasibility trial.

Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee is a major cause of disability worldwide. Non-operative treatments can reduce the morbidity but adherence is poor. We hypothesised that adherence could be optimised if behavioural change was established in the preoperative period.

Impacts of temperature and turbidity on the gill physiology of darter species.

Fish gills are complex organs that have direct contact with the environment and perform numerous functions including gas exchange and ion regulation. Determining if gill morphometry can change under different environmental conditions to maintain and/or improve gas exchange and ion regulation is important for understanding if gill plasticity can improve survival with increasing environmental change. We assessed gill morphology (gas exchange and ion regulation metrics), hematocrit and gill Na/K ATPase activity of wild-captured blackside darter (Percina maculata), greenside darter (Etheostoma blennioides), and johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum) at two temperatures (10 and 25 °C) and turbidity levels (8 and 94 NTU).