Crash sequence based risk matrix for motorcycle crashes.

Considerable research has been conducted related to motorcycle and other powered-two-wheeler (PTW) crashes; however, it always has been controversial among practitioners concerning with types of crashes should be first targeted and how to prioritize resources for the implementation of mitigating actions. Therefore, there is a need to identify types of motorcycle crashes that constitute the greatest safety risk to riders - most frequent and most severe crashes. This pilot study seeks exhibit the efficacy of a new approach for prioritizing PTW crash causation sequences as they relate to injury severity to better inform the application of mitigating countermeasures.

Identify sequence of events likely to result in severe crash outcomes.

The current practice of crash characterization in highway engineering reduces multiple dimensions of crash contributing factors and their relative sequential connections, crash sequences, into broad definitions, resulting in crash categories such as head-on, sideswipe, rear-end, angle, and fixed-object. As a result, crashes that are classified in the same category may contain many different crash sequences. This makes it difficult to develop effective countermeasures because these crash categorizations are based on the outcomes rather than the preceding events.

Assessing the residual teen crash risk factors after graduated drivers license implementation.

Graduated driving licensing laws are now in place in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.

The influence of airbags on thoracic organ lesion types - biomed 2009.

Thoracic organ injuries account for 13% of all serious injuries to belted front seat occupants in frontal crashes. The rate at which thoracic organ injury occurs and the manner in which the injuries occur has not changed significantly with the inclusion of airbags. This study was based on the injury outcomes of over 28,000 belted occupants in frontal crashes from National Automotive Sampling System / Crashworthiness Data System (NASS/CDS) case years 1993-2007.

Abdominal injury with airbag deployment for belted drivers in frontal crashes - biomed 2009.

The risk of moderate or serious abdominal injury is higher for belted drivers in frontal crashes with a deployed airbag than for belted drivers not exposed to a deployed airbag. An analysis of roughly 13,000 belted front seat occupants in frontal crashes from National Automotive Sampling System / Crashworthiness Data System (NASS/CDS) case years 1993-2007 with and without airbag deployment were used in this study. There were 2.

The relationship between thoracic organ injuries and associated rib fractures.

Thoracic trauma can involve serious injuries of both the rib cage and thoracic organs. The leading cause of thoracic trauma is motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Rib fractures are often associated with injuries to the underlying organs.

Estimating shoulder injury risk using low rate lateral impacts to dummies.

This paper is an investigation of low rate loading of the shoulder. The paper first presents a review of the literature on the impact tolerance of the shoulder in high and low rate loading conditions. Currently, there are no injury criteria, nor biofidelic anthropomorphic test dummies for these low rate scenarios.

Methodology for estimating thoracic impact response in frontal crash tests.

This study has investigated the feasibility of estimating chest acceleration from the pelvic acceleration and shoulder belt forces measured on a vehicle occupant exposed to a frontal crash. The method of estimating chest acceleration is based upon a simple two-mass one-dimensional model of a vehicle occupant in which pelvic acceleration and shoulder belt force are applied as forcing functions. The predictive power of the model was evaluated by comparing the estimated and measured chest acceleration of 18 Hybrid-III crash test dummies subjected to 56 km/hr full frontal barrier crash tests.