Correction: Overexpression of the VRK1 kinase, which is associated with breast cancer, induces a mesenchymal to epithelial transition in mammary epithelial cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Inflammatory Giant Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Next-generation Sequencing Study of 14 Cases.

A distinctive histological variant of poorly differentiated, sarcomatoid, non-small cell lung carcinoma characterized by a discohesive population of giant tumor cells associated with prominent interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates is described. The tumors occurred in 7 women and 7 men, 42 to 72 years of age (mean: 56 y). They predominantly affected the upper lobes and measured 1.

Insulinoma-Associated Protein-1 Expression in Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma of the Thymus: A Potential Pitfall for Diagnosis With Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Thymus.

Context.—: Insulinoma-associated protein-1 (INSM1) is a recently developed immunohistochemical marker claimed to be highly specific and sensitive for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine malignancies. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that this marker can also be expressed in non-neuroendocrine neoplasms including squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus.

Non-small cell lung carcinoma with clear cell features: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of 31 cases.

Non-small cell lung carcinoma with predominantly clear cell features is a rare histologic presentation of lung carcinoma. We have examined 31 cases of lung carcinomas showing extensive clear cell features. The patients were 10 women and 21 men aged 47-92 years (mean: 70 years).

Molecular pathology as basis for timely cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Precision and personalized therapeutics have witnessed significant advancements in technology, revolutionizing the capabilities of laboratories to generate vast amounts of genetic data. Coupled with computational resources for analysis and interpretation, and integrated with various other types of data, including genomic data, electronic medical health (EMH) data, and clinical knowledge, these advancements support optimized health decisions. Among these technologies, next-generation sequencing (NGS) stands out as a transformative tool in the field of cancer treatment, playing a crucial role in precision oncology.

Epithelioid osteoblastoma. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases.

Seventeen cases of epithelioid osteoblastoma were reviewed. The tumors most commonly arose from the vertebrae (7 cases), followed by the mandible (3), sacrum (2), bones of the foot (2), and femur, rib, and scapula (1 each). Patients' ages ranged from 5 to 33 years.

Atypical thymomas with squamoid and spindle cell features: clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study of 120 cases with long-term follow-up.

Thymomas are rare tumors characterized by a broad range of morphologic appearances that can sometimes give rise to difficulties for classification. We have studied a series of 120 thymoma patients in whom the tumors were characterized by sheets of atypical epithelial cells with squamoid and/or spindle cell features. They occurred in 63 men and 57 women and presented as a discrete mass in the anterior mediastinum measuring 2-23 cm (mean: 8.

Solid Thyroid Follicular Nodules With Longitudinal Nuclear Grooves.

Context.—: Follicular thyroid nodules can be a source of diagnostic difficulties, particularly when they display atypical features commonly associated with malignancy, such as nuclear grooves.

Objective.

Expression patterns for Bcl-2, EMA, β-catenin, E-cadherin, PAX8, and MIB1 in thymomas.

The expression of immunohistochemical markers has been extensively investigated in thymomas to assist in the differential diagnosis. We have studied six select markers to determine their utility in the evaluation of these tumors. A series of 126 thymomas including 33 type A, 27 type AB, 20 type B1, 22 type B2, and 24 type B3, were examined utilizing a tissue microarray (TMA) technique with antibodies to e-cadherin, β-catenin, PAX8, bcl-2, EMA, and MIB-1.

Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma: an immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study of 73 cases.

Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) is a rare, low-grade soft tissue neoplasm preferentially arising in the extremities of young to middle-aged adults characterized histologically by a variegated appearance and absence of a distinctive immunophenotype. Herein we have evaluated a series of 73 cases of MIFS to define potential features and markers that may facilitate diagnosis. An immunohistochemical study with a large panel of antibodies showed strong positivity of the tumor cells for bcl-1 (94.

Interpersonal Violence and Maxillofacial Fractures.

Purpose: Accident Compensation Corporation statistics shows that maxillofacial fracture affects 11,000 people with an approximate $90 million annual cost in New Zealand dollars (NZD). Previous studies have demonstrated interpersonal violence (IPV), road traffic accidents (RTAs), sports injury, and falls being the common causes of maxillofacial fracture. This study investigated the causes and associated alcohol and/or drug use and fracture patterns in patients presenting with maxillofacial fractures in the Wellington region.

Overexpression of the VRK1 kinase, which is associated with breast cancer, induces a mesenchymal to epithelial transition in mammary epithelial cells.

Vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) is a pro-proliferative nuclear kinase. Mice engrafted with VRK1-depleted MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells have been shown to develop fewer distal metastases than controls, suggesting VRK1 might play a role in cell migration, invasion, and/or colonization. In work described herein, we investigated the impact of VRK1 overexpression on human mammary epithelial cells.

Tubulopapillary adrenocortical adenoma in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis: a morphologic, ultrastructural, and molecular study.

Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis have a higher incidence for developing adrenal neoplasms, most of which are nonfunctioning with conventional histologic appearance. We report a patient with a history of multiple colon polyps who developed an adrenocortical adenoma with unusual morphology. The tumor showed a tubulopapillary architecture and plasmacytoid cytomorphology that were distinct from conventional adrenocortical adenomas.

A Phase II Clinical Trial of Molecular Profiled Neoadjuvant Therapy for Localized Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: One facet of precision medicine is the use of tumor molecular profiling to guide chemotherapeutic selection. We conducted the first prospective clinical trial of molecular profiling to guide neoadjuvant therapy in patients with operable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We hypothesized that more effective systemic therapy would prevent disease progression during neoadjuvant therapy and, therefore, allow more patients to undergo surgery.

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor without osteomalacia: additional confirmation of the "nonphosphaturic" variant, with emphasis on the roles of FGF23 chromogenic in situ hybridization and FN1-FGFR1 fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a rare, histologically distinctive neoplasm that classically presents with phosphaturia and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO; ie, oncogenic osteomalacia). Both the phosphaturia and the TIO are due to paraneoplastic production of FGF23 (a phosphatonin) by the neoplastic cells, which are genetically characterized by rearrangements of FN1 (most often with FGFR1, and less frequently with FGF1). However, rare cases of PMT present without phosphaturia and TIO (ie, the "nonphosphaturic" variant) and are therefore much more challenging to diagnose.

The cost of major head and neck cancer surgery.

Aim: This study quantified the cost of major head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery.

Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing major HNC surgery between July 2007 and June 2012 were identified from our head and neck database. Patient demographics, tumour type, site, stage and types of resection and reconstruction, length of stay and surgical complications occurring within six months of initial surgery were retrospectively analysed.

Cancer cell chemokines direct chemotaxis of activated stellate cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

The mechanisms by which the extreme desmoplasia observed in pancreatic tumors develops remain unknown and its role in pancreatic cancer progression is unsettled. Chemokines have a key role in the recruitment of a wide variety of cell types in health and disease. Transcript and protein profile analyses of human and murine cell lines and human tissue specimens revealed a consistent elevation in the receptors CCR10 and CXCR6, as well as their respective ligands CCL28 and CXCL16.

A single center's approach to discriminating donor versus host origin of renal neoplasia in the allograft kidney.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the allograft of kidney transplant recipient (KTR) patients is rare and may represent a de novo process arising from the transplanted organ or metastasis from a clinically undetectable host primary. Determination of host versus donor origin is important for staging and management. We report our experience utilizing Penta-C (PC) and Penta-D (PD) short-tandem repeat (STR) microsatellite analysis to discriminate between host and donor origin of RCC identified in renal allografts.

Comparing gene expression data from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues and qPCR with that from snap-frozen tissue and microarrays for modeling outcomes of patients with ovarian carcinoma.

Background: Previously, we have used clinical and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to model a pathway-based index predicting outcomes in ovarian carcinoma. This data were obtained from snap-frozen tissue measured with the Affymetrix U133 platform. In the current study, we correlate the data used to model with data derived from TaqMan qPCR both snap frozen and paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples.

Granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease: a spectrum of pulmonary histopathologic lesions in common variable immunodeficiency--histologic and immunohistochemical analyses of 16 cases.

Common variable immunodeficiency is a primary immunodeficiency of unknown etiology characterized by low serum immunoglobulin G, a decreased ability to make specific antibodies, and variable T-cell defects. Approximately 10-30% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency develop clinical evidence of a diffuse parenchymal lung disease with a constellation of histopathologic findings termed granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease. In this study, we characterized the histologic and immunohistochemical features in a series of 16 cases diagnosed by open lung biopsy.

Outcomes of the treatment of head and neck sarcomas in a tertiary referral center.

Head and neck sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors that pose management challenges. We report our experience with these tumors. Forty consecutive patients treated for 44 head and neck sarcomas between 1997 and 2014 were culled from our prospectively maintained head and neck database.

CXCL12 chemokine expression suppresses human pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an unsolved health problem with nearly 75% of patients diagnosed with advanced disease and an overall 5-year survival rate near 5%. Despite the strong link between mortality and malignancy, the mechanisms behind pancreatic cancer dissemination and metastasis are poorly understood. Correlative pathological and cell culture analyses suggest the chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a biological role in pancreatic cancer progression.

Mitochondria-targeted vitamin E analogs inhibit breast cancer cell energy metabolism and promote cell death.

Background: Recent research has revealed that targeting mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism is a promising chemotherapeutic strategy. Key to successful implementation of this chemotherapeutic strategy is the use of new and improved mitochondria-targeted cationic agents that selectively inhibit energy metabolism in breast cancer cells, while exerting little or no long-term cytotoxic effect in normal cells.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and alterations in bioenergetic metabolism induced by mitochondria-targeted vitamin E analog (Mito-chromanol, Mito-ChM) and its acetylated ester analog (Mito-ChMAc).

Use of combination chemotherapy for treatment of granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Purpose: A subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) develops granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD), a restrictive lung disease associated with early mortality. The optimal therapy for GLILD is unknown. This study was undertaken to see if rituximab and azathioprine (combination chemotherapy) would improve pulmonary function and/or radiographic abnormalities in patients with CVID and GLILD.