The 2016 revision of the WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumours: retrospective application to a cohort of diffuse gliomas.

The classification of central nervous system tumours has more recently been shaped by a focus on molecular pathology rather than histopathology. We re-classified 82 glial tumours according to the molecular-genetic criteria of the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. Initial diagnoses and grading were based on the morphological criteria of the 2007 WHO scheme.

Reoperation for Recurrent Glioblastoma and Its Association With Survival Benefit.

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite current treatment, recurrence is inevitable. There are no clear guidelines for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma.

Basic vapor exposure for tuning the charge state distribution of proteins in negative electrospray ionization: elucidation of mechanisms by fluorescence spectroscopy.

Manipulation for simplifying or increasing the observed charge state distributions of proteins can be highly desirable in mass spectrometry experiments. In the present work, we implemented a vapor introduction technique to an Agilent Jet Stream ESI (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) source. An apparatus was designed to allow for the enrichment of the nitrogen sheath gas with basic vapors.

Profiling an electrospray plume by laser-induced fluorescence and Fraunhofer diffraction combined to mass spectrometry: influence of size and composition of droplets on charge-state distributions of electrosprayed proteins.

We investigated how physico-chemical properties of charged droplets are affected by the electrospray process, using simultaneous in situ measurements by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), Fraunhofer diffraction and mass spectrometry. For this purpose, we implemented a laser-induced-fluorescence profiling setup in conjunction with a fast, high-resolution particle sizing scheme on a modified Agilent Jet Stream electrospray source coupled to a single quadrupole mass analyser. The optical setup permits us to profile the solvent fractionation and the size of the droplets as they evaporate in an electrospray plume by measuring both the angular scattering pattern and emission spectra of a solvatochromic fluorescent dye.

Use of the evidence base in substance abuse treatment programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives: pursuing quality in the crucible of practice and policy.

Background: A variety of forces are now shaping a passionate debate regarding the optimal approaches to improving the quality of substance abuse services for American Indian and Alaska Native communities. While there have been some highly successful efforts to meld the traditions of American Indian and Alaska Native tribes with that of 12-step approaches, some American Indian and Alaska Natives remain profoundly uncomfortable with the dominance of this Euro-American approach to substance abuse treatment in their communities. This longstanding tension has now been complicated by the emergence of a number of evidence-based treatments that, while holding promise for improving treatment for American Indian and Alaska Natives with substance use problems, may conflict with both American Indian and Alaska Native and 12-step healing traditions.

Counselor incentives to improve client retention in an outpatient substance abuse aftercare program.

Pay for performance, the provision of financial incentives for favorable performance, is increasingly under study as an evidence-based practice. This study estimated the improvement in client retention from offering incentives to 11 substance abuse counselors providing outpatient aftercare treatment. During the incentive period, a counselor could earn a bonus of $100, in addition to his regular compensation, for each client who completed at least five aftercare sessions (the "milestone" which we considered the minimum adequate dose of the aftercare curriculum).

Finger-length ratios in female monozygotic twins discordant for sexual orientation.

The second to fourth finger digit ratio (2D:4D ratio) is a sex-dimorphic characteristic in humans that may reflect relative levels of first trimester prenatal sex hormones. Low interdigital ratio has been associated with high levels of androgens. It has been reported in unrelated women that low 2D:4D ratio is associated with lesbian sexual orientation, but because of the nature of those samples, it was not possible to conclude whether lower ratio (and hypothetically, higher androgen levels) in lesbians are due to differences in genetics as opposed to differences in environment.