Shared and unique transcriptomic signatures of antidepressant and probiotics action in the mammalian brain.

Understanding the shared and divergent mechanisms across antidepressant (AD) classes and probiotics is critical for improving treatment for mood disorders. Here we examine the transcriptomic effects of bupropion (NDRI), desipramine (SNRI), fluoxetine (SSRI) and a probiotic formulation (Lacidofil®) on 10 regions across the mammalian brain. These treatments massively alter gene expression (on average, 2211 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) per region-treatment combination), highlighting the biological complexity of AD and probiotic action.

Comprehensive Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control With a Mobile Health Cardiovascular Risk Self-Management Program.

Background: Mobile health technology's impact on cardiovascular risk factor control is not fully understood. This study evaluates the association between interaction with a mobile health application and change in cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods And Results: Participants with hypertension with or without dyslipidemia enrolled in a workplace-deployed mobile health application-based cardiovascular risk self-management program between January 2018 and December 2022.

Real-world Application of Racial and Ethnic Imputation and Cohort Balancing Techniques to Deliver Equitable Clinical Trial Recruitment.

Enhancing diversity and inclusion in clinical trial recruitment, especially for historically marginalized populations including Black, Indigenous, and People of Color individuals, is essential. This practice ensures that generalizable trial results are achieved to deliver safe, effective, and equitable health and healthcare. However, recruitment is limited by two inextricably linked barriers - the inability to recruit and retain enough trial participants, and the lack of diversity amongst trial populations whereby racial and ethnic groups are underrepresented when compared to national composition.

Comprehensiveness, Accuracy, and Readability of Exercise Recommendations Provided by an AI-Based Chatbot: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Regular physical activity is critical for health and disease prevention. Yet, health care providers and patients face barriers to implement evidence-based lifestyle recommendations. The potential to augment care with the increased availability of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is limitless; however, the suitability of AI-generated exercise recommendations has yet to be explored.

Sex and cell-specific gene expression in corticolimbic brain regions associated with psychiatric disorders revealed by bulk and single-nuclei RNA sequencing.

Background: There are sex-specific differences in the prevalence, symptomology and course of psychiatric disorders. However, preclinical models have primarily used males, such that the molecular mechanisms underlying sex-specific differences in psychiatric disorders are not well established.

Methods: In this study, we compared transcriptome-wide gene expression profiles in male and female rats within the corticolimbic system, including the cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens medial shell (NAcS), ventral dentate gyrus and the basolateral amygdala (n = 22-24 per group/region).

Diverse environmental bacteria displaying activity against , the cause of soybean rust.

The management of soybean rust (SBR) caused by the obligate fungus mostly relies on the use of synthetic fungicides, especially in areas where the disease inflicts serious yield losses. The reliance on synthetic fungicides to manage this disease has resulted in resistance of populations to most fungicides. In this study, bacteria isolated from diverse environments were evaluated for their biocontrol potential against using soybean detached-leaf method and on-plant in the growth chamber, greenhouse, and field.

Competencies for the Use of Artificial Intelligence-Based Tools by Health Care Professionals.

Purpose: The expanded use of clinical tools that incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) methods has generated calls for specific competencies for effective and ethical use. This qualitative study used expert interviews to define AI-related clinical competencies for health care professionals.

Method: In 2021, a multidisciplinary team interviewed 15 experts in the use of AI-based tools in health care settings about the clinical competencies health care professionals need to work effectively with such tools.

The development and implementation of a new hospital performance measure to assess hospital contributions to community health and equity.

Objective: To develop and implement a measure of how US hospitals contribute to community health with a focus on equity.

Data Sources: Primary data from public comments and hospital surveys and secondary data from the IBM Watson Top 100 Hospitals program collected in the United States in 2020 and 2021.

Study Design: A thematic analysis of public comments on the proposed measure was conducted using an iterative grounded approach for theme identification.

Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions related to social distancing on respiratory viral infectious disease outcomes: A rapid evidence-based review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g. quarantine and isolation) are used to mitigate and control viral infectious disease, but their effectiveness has not been well studied.

Leveraging artificial intelligence for pandemic preparedness and response: a scoping review to identify key use cases.

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a valuable tool that could be widely used to inform clinical and public health decision-making to effectively manage the impacts of a pandemic. The objective of this scoping review was to identify the key use cases for involving AI for pandemic preparedness and response from the peer-reviewed, preprint, and grey literature. The data synthesis had two parts: an in-depth review of studies that leveraged machine learning (ML) techniques and a limited review of studies that applied traditional modeling approaches.

The potential of artificial intelligence to improve patient safety: a scoping review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a valuable tool that could be used to improve the safety of care. Major adverse events in healthcare include: healthcare-associated infections, adverse drug events, venous thromboembolism, surgical complications, pressure ulcers, falls, decompensation, and diagnostic errors. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the relevant literature and evaluate the potential of AI to improve patient safety in these eight harm domains.

ElectronixTutor: an intelligent tutoring system with multiple learning resources for electronics.

Background: The Office of Naval Research (ONR) organized a STEM Challenge initiative to explore how intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) can be developed in a reasonable amount of time to help students learn STEM topics. This competitive initiative sponsored four teams that separately developed systems that covered topics in mathematics, electronics, and dynamical systems. After the teams shared their progress at the conclusion of an 18-month period, the ONR decided to fund a joint applied project in the Navy that integrated those systems on the subject matter of electronic circuits.

Systematic Literature Review of the Economic Burden of Celiac Disease.

Background: The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) has rapidly increased over recent decades, but costs related to CD remain poorly quantified.

Objective: This systematic review assessed the economic burden of CD in North America and Europe.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, EconLit, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify English-language literature from 2007 to 2018 that assessed costs, cost effectiveness, and health resource utilization for CD.

Alienation Appraisals Mediate the Relationships between Childhood Trauma and Multiple Markers of Posttraumatic Stress.

Rates of posttraumatic stress are elevated in individuals who have experienced childhood and/or cumulative trauma, and trauma appraisals have been suggested as a possible mediator of this effect. This study tested the proposed mediating role of trauma appraisals between both childhood and cumulative trauma, and two markers of trauma-related distress; posttraumatic stress and depression. Mediation models were developed and tested with data collected from a sample of trauma-exposed, treatment receiving adults ( = 106).

What Should the Serum Creatinine Be After Transplantation? An Approach to Integrate Donor and Recipient Information to Assess Posttransplant Kidney Function.

Background: Knowledge of an optimal expected serum creatinine (SCr) would be useful to detect early renal dysfunction after transplantation. Current measurements of posttransplant function rely on the recipient's SCr and calculations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), based on recipient age, weight, and sex. Renal function after transplantation, however, also depends on the donor supply of functioning nephrons and adaptation in GFR of a single kidney.

Early efforts to target and enroll high-risk diabetic patients into urban community-based programs.

Health care disparities in minority populations can be attributed to a number of factors, including lack of access to coordinated primary care and chronic disease management programming. Interventions using a data-centric, coordinated, multidisciplinary, team-based approach to address patients with complex chronic comorbidities have demonstrated improvements in patient outcomes. The use of hospital admission and billing data coupled with care management teams to care for high-risk patients with chronic conditions may be an effective model for improving quality of care while reducing health care costs.

Intensifying renal replacement therapy during pregnancy: the role for nocturnal home hemodialysis.

Fertility among women receiving conventional hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is very low. For those able to conceive it appears that infant survival is poor, and prematurity and its related complications are still commonplace. Nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD) is a form of intensive, self-administered hemodialysis whereby patients receive 3-4 times the duration of conventional hemodialysis resulting in superior removal of uremic toxins compared to traditional dialysis modalities.

Selection and characterization of scFv antibodies against the Sin Nombre hantavirus nucleocapsid protein.

Rodent-borne hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the old world and hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the new. Most cases of HCPS in North America are caused by Sin Nombre Virus (SNV). Current viral detection technologies depend upon the identification of anti-viral antibodies in patient serum.

Iodo-nitroarenesulfonamides: interplay of hard and soft hydrogen bonds, I...O interactions and aromatic pi...pi stacking interactions.

Molecules of N-(4'-iodophenylsulfonyl)-4-nitroaniline, 4-O2NC6H4NHSO2C6H4I-4' (1), are linked by three-centre I...